{"id":9,"date":"2010-11-26T17:52:08","date_gmt":"2010-11-26T16:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/?p=9"},"modified":"2011-01-03T18:24:18","modified_gmt":"2011-01-03T17:24:18","slug":"jak-jsem-ucil-povesti-aneb-kresleni-jednoduchych-obrazku-v-praxi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/2010\/11\/26\/jak-jsem-ucil-povesti-aneb-kresleni-jednoduchych-obrazku-v-praxi\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak jsem u\u010dil pov\u011bsti aneb kreslen\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f v praxi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em> \u201ePane u\u010diteli, a podle \u010deho pozn\u00e1m, \u017ee je to pov\u011bst?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Byla to nevinn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka nevinn\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte? Potuteln\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kterou se \u017e\u00e1k (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b <em>\u017e\u00e1kyn\u011b<\/em>) sna\u017e\u00ed zahnat kantora do kouta \u010di aspo\u0148 trochu pozdr\u017eet hodinu? Nebo je to ot\u00e1zka my\u0161len\u00e1 zcela v\u00e1\u017en\u011b &#8211; a u\u010ditel by m\u011bl vysko\u010dit metr do v\u00fd\u0161ky a radost\u00ed zvolat: <em>\u201eOna mysl\u00ed&#8230; Ona mysl\u00ed\u2026\u201c?<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Nebojte se, nic dal\u0161\u00edho z\u00a0<strong>Roku \u010f\u00e1bla<\/strong> parafr\u00e1zovat nebudu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by to bylo na m\u00edst\u011b, nebo\u0165 se mi ob\u010das zd\u00e1, \u017ee po zazn\u011bn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky <strong><em>PRO\u010c?<\/em><\/strong> p\u0159ede mnou sed\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b ne skupina rozjet\u00fdch puber\u0165\u00e1k\u016f, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e skupina medituj\u00edc\u00edch hleda\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ml\u010d\u00ed, aby stejn\u011b jako pan Pl\u00edhal ve filmu \u201esly\u0161eli and\u011bly\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Jako pedagogick\u00fd optimista jsem z\u00a0ot\u00e1zek zvolil mo\u017enost t\u0159et\u00ed. A asi bych m\u011bl v \u00favodu dodat, \u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9to hodin\u011b zas tak \u201eticho\u201c nebylo.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echno to za\u010dalo docela nevinn\u011b o t\u00fdden d\u0159\u00edve, kdy jsem sv\u00fdm \u0161es\u0165\u00e1k\u016fm zadal zcela b\u011b\u017en\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakol:<\/p>\n<p><em>Do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed hodiny si p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte v\u00a0\u010d\u00edtance pov\u011bst <strong>David a Goli\u00e1\u0161<\/strong> p\u0159evypr\u00e1v\u011bnou Ivanem Olbrachtem. A v\u0161\u00edmejte si pros\u00edm t\u011bchto z\u00e1kladn\u00edch bod\u016f:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Kdo v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu vystupuje?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Kde se p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh odehr\u00e1v\u00e1?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Co se v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu d\u011bje?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Jak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty se v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu objevuj\u00ed?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tolik zad\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeliko\u017e jsme za sebou m\u011bli n\u011bkolik exces\u016f (slovy t\u0159i), kdy se p\u00e1r jedinc\u016f rozhodlo, \u017ee si do dal\u0161\u00ed hodiny \u010detbu nep\u0159iprav\u00ed (a byli po z\u00e1sluze odm\u011bn\u011bni t(r)estem), naznala v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u0159\u00eddy, \u017ee se na \u010d\u00edtankou verzi notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu pod\u00edvaj\u00ed aspo\u0148 p\u0159ed hodinou &#8211; a proto se v\u00a0hodin\u011b dalo alespo\u0148 s v\u011bt\u0161inou t\u0159\u00eddy pracovat.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eTak, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, kdo v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu vystupuje?\u201c<\/em> zazn\u011bla ot\u00e1zka u\u010ditele. Na odpov\u011bdi jsem nemusel dlouho \u010dekat. <em>\u201eDavid,\u201c <\/em>p\u0159ilet\u011blo zleva. <em>\u201eGoli\u00e1\u0161,\u201c<\/em> ozvalo se zprava.<\/p>\n<p>Poctiv\u011b jsem zaznamenal odpov\u011bdi na tabuli. Nikoli v\u0161ak slovy, jak byste si mohli myslet. Jednotliv\u00ed protagonist\u00e9 se zm\u011bnili v\u00a0mal\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky a slova, ta jsem dopl\u0148oval o n\u011bco pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ioijkq.bay.livefilestore.com\/y1pbV7OzqwkcTeQQjr4RWQh2ME4MuAG-CcoNKQ-nbfjBGpGn69Mbfwmkufg7zpYE_wG8Y3FxDATj395wjj4cE6nrgJ-RwMKpmBe\/davidagolias1.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"356\" height=\"293\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eV\u00edc lid\u00ed tam nebylo?\u201c<\/em> dodal jsem a umazal p\u0159etah na Goi\u00e1\u0161ov\u011b ruce.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eJo, je\u0161t\u011b ten\u2026, ten Saul,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ihl\u00e1sil se Tom\u00e1\u0161 nesm\u011ble. (Neb\u00fdv\u00e1 zvykem, \u017ee by pr\u00e1v\u011b tento \u017e\u00e1k chodil do hodiny p\u0159ipraven. \u017de by u n\u011bj p\u0159edchoz\u00ed t\u0159i testov\u00e9 domluvy zabraly?)<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA je\u0161t\u011b ti voj\u00e1ci.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eJo, ti\u2026, ti\u2026 Fili\u0161t\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed\u2026\u201c <\/em>vzpomn\u011bl si t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed ka\u0161p\u00e1rek David.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA kdo proti nim bojoval?\u201c<\/em> obr\u00e1til jsem se k\u00a0ostatn\u00edm. <em>\u201eNo ti,\u2026 \u017didi.\u201c<\/em> <em>\u201eNebudete se zlobit, kdy\u017e nap\u00ed\u0161u Izraeliti?\u201c<\/em> <em>\u201eN\u00e9\u2026\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Informace se na tabuli objevovaly jedna za druhou.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ioijkq.bay.livefilestore.com\/y1pKcueuNjdOh9ZhCnND30Ffcz1_uW-nx1sdEw17vwcLF7GDBuk0F2ViZs1iY3Du7Jkkhq-vCVAi_ppV3aE4GXBheZlYrKLEZ7V\/davidagolias2.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"444\" height=\"238\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eV\u00fdborn\u011b. Tak te\u010f se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na n\u011bjak\u00e9 ty p\u0159edm\u011bty. Jak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty se v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu objevuj\u00ed?\u201c<\/em> Ticho. \u0160patn\u011b polo\u017een\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. <em>\u201eJak\u00e9 v\u011bci m\u00e1 s\u00a0sebou David?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eTornu.\u201c \u201eKamen\u00ed.\u201c \u201eH\u016fl.\u201c \u201ePrak.\u201c \u201eJ\u00eddlo pro bratry!\u201c<\/em> Prvn\u00ed \u010dtve\u0159ici rychle vyst\u0159elen\u00fdch slov jsem m\u00e1lem nestihl zaznamenat.<\/p>\n<p>Nad p\u00e1t\u00fdm bodem jsem se pousm\u00e1l. Hm, \u017ee by se n\u00e1m tu za\u010daly objevovat n\u011bjak\u00e9 ty souvislosti na t\u00e9ma <em>co \u017ee to tam vlastn\u011b ten David d\u011blal, kdy\u017e to byl takov\u00fd mlad\u00ed\u010dek a nem\u011bl ve vojsku co d\u011blat<\/em>? No, mo\u017en\u00e1 pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA co pan Goli\u00e1\u0161?\u201c<\/em> oto\u010d\u00edm se zp\u00e1tky ke t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, ne\u017e za\u010dnu \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm zbyte\u010dn\u011b komplikovat \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eBrn\u011bn\u00ed.\u201c \u201eMe\u010d.\u201c \u201e\u0160t\u00edt.\u201c<\/em> I tyto v\u011bci si zaslou\u017eily st\u00e1t se sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u00e9ho <em>ehm,\u2026<\/em> um\u011bleck\u00e9ho d\u00edla.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ioijkq.bay.livefilestore.com\/y1p7WPzK4kLAWpNoc2j9gpNFP9as3-jSp2eMC7B7hZ_ZFsEXJe_xYr2KzcAsCjUdokKr54a59axe4fWXmrQDAhZJH82C0MD7Dob\/davidagolias3.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"303\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">(Pokud v\u00e1s zar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, pro\u010d jsem zrovna v\u00a0tomto okam\u017eiku za\u010dal \u0159e\u0161it  p\u0159edm\u011bty, nedumejte nad t\u00edm. Kdy\u017e jsem souvislost s\u00a0dotazem \u201e<em>Pro\u010d je to  pov\u011bst?<\/em>\u201c nena\u0161el j\u00e1, ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee ji nenajdete ani vy. U\u010ditel jen  vyu\u017eil p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti \u2013 a za\u010dal si vy\u0161lap\u00e1vat cesti\u010dku k tomu, a\u017e za\u010dne  \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm vysv\u011btlovat, co \u017ee to jsou ty atributy postav.)<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA co se v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu vlastn\u011b d\u011bje?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem p\u00e1r minut m\u00e1me stru\u010dnou osnovu. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee nechci v\u00a0t\u00e9to hodin\u011b (ani v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku) prob\u00edrat strukturu (liter\u00e1rn\u00edho) d\u00edla, z\u00a0ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu m\u011b zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed jen dv\u011b v\u011bci: <em>K\u00a0\u010demu tam do\u0161lo?<\/em> <em>Z\u00a0jak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu (pro\u010d) v\u016fbec k\u00a0souboji do\u0161lo?<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">(Pro p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu neznal\u00e9 pro jistotu dopln\u00edm: Goli\u00e1\u0161 ur\u00e1\u017eel nejprve izraelsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky, pozd\u011bji n\u00e1rod a na z\u00e1v\u011br se pustil i do izraelsk\u00e9ho Boha. Prvn\u00ed dv\u011b ur\u00e1\u017eky p\u0159e\u0161el David mrknut\u00edm oka, tu t\u0159et\u00ed ov\u0161em neust\u00e1l a do\u0161lo k\u00a0souboji.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ioijkq.bay.livefilestore.com\/y1pVEhVT0ih7y2PtHiQLcEg6NVRWVzCio7NOyAkg6eyMIq89kh3or94MawA8tskT5dZWzAAzaqqrkZ2VOdjTB6sDFPpA0pKRgLK\/davidagolias4.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"484\" height=\"304\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eV\u00fdborn\u011b. A dok\u00e1\u017eete z\u00a0textu p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, kde k\u00a0tomu souboji do\u0161lo?<\/em>\u201c Chvilka listov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edtankami a\u2026 <em>\u201eV\u00a0\u00fadol\u00ed Elah!\u201c<\/em> <em>\u201eV\u00fdborn\u011b. A v\u00edte, kde to \u00fadol\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed?\u201c<\/em> P\u0159ekvapen\u00e9 obli\u010deje odpov\u011bd\u011bly za jejich majitele. Bohu\u017eel n\u00e1s dost tla\u010dil \u010das, jinak bych je to nechal zjistit na internetu samotn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eKdybyste se pod\u00edvali na internet, tak zjist\u00edte, \u017ee \u00fadol\u00ed Elah le\u017e\u00ed asi 35 km jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b od Jeruzal\u00e9ma,\u201c<\/em> nakreslil jsem postupn\u011b veled\u016fle\u017eitou informaci. (Nebojte se, tvar Izraele i um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed tohoto \u00fadol\u00ed jsem si zjistil rad\u011bji dop\u0159edu. Pravda, abych si to trochu usnadnil, vypustil jsem z\u00a0kresby p\u00e1smo Gaza.)<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eDnes nem\u016f\u017eeme rozhodnout, jestli se onen souboj skute\u010dn\u011b odehr\u00e1l tam. Co ale te\u010f v\u00edme, je, \u017ee m\u00edsto, o kter\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh mluv\u00ed, existuje.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ioijkq.bay.livefilestore.com\/y1pYMfyM2-n-jWG6c54rVvGsfgIyyVrzo9b6kmivXUgpk7GIXWYojcIwzbX8had-sF0xs_AxCrgRIXaQaM4iDJdTbKu57yTHLCZ\/davidagolias5.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"377\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA kdy\u017e u\u017e jsme u toho, existuje, dok\u00e1\u017eete z\u00a0textu p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu vy\u010d\u00edst, kdy p\u0159esn\u011b, tedy v jak\u00e9 dob\u011b se ud\u00e1lost odehr\u00e1la?\u201c<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chv\u00edle zmaten\u00e9ho listov\u00e1n\u00ed tam a zp\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eTam nic nen\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> odhodlala se \u0161ust\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161it Terka.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eNen\u00ed, \u017ee? Ale kdybych p\u0159ece jen cht\u011bl, abyste mi zkusili ten p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh aspo\u0148 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dasov\u011b za\u0159adit, \u010d\u00edm byste si pomohli? Co byste z\u00a0t\u011bchto informac\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> uk\u00e1zal jsem rukou na tabuli, <em>\u201easi tak hledali?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eNo p\u0159ece Davida!\u201c \u201eA Saula!\u201c \u201eA Goli\u00e1\u0161e,\u201c <\/em>ozvaly se z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. Daly by se hledat i jin\u00e9 v\u011bci, ale minim\u00e1ln\u011b ti prvn\u00ed dva budou ur\u010dit\u011b sta\u010dit.<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u0159epan\u00e1 v\u00fdmluva s\u00a0\u010dasem zazn\u011bla podruh\u00e9. <em>\u201eNa internetu byste snadno zjistili, \u017ee se Saul stal kr\u00e1lem n\u011bkdy kolem roku 1047 p\u0159. Kr. a zem\u0159el asi v\u00a0roce 1010 nebo 1007 p\u0159. Kr. O Davidovi v\u00edme, \u017ee po jeho smrti nastoupil na tr\u016fn, a usuzuje se, \u017ee zem\u0159el kolem roku 970.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/ioijkq.bay.livefilestore.com\/y1pYMfyM2-n-jVL4wJFjOdWHHrCv4BjnqQ9jgFF7ilY_xtOQc7oJUSvP2ozj2W8ttRYLKusdB3wFreUemSmx79cfiGRnsnzLFRA\/davidagolias6.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"567\" height=\"453\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA odkud se to jako v\u00ed?\u201c<\/em> ozvalo se ze zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u0159\u00eddy. <em>Hur\u00e1, a m\u00e1m je!<\/em> zazn\u011bl hlavou mil\u00e9mu u\u010diteli sice nesly\u0161n\u00fd, o to v\u0161ak radostn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdk\u0159ik .<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eOdkud bychom se mohli tyto informace dozv\u011bd\u011bt?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eZ bible!\u201c<\/em> \u0159ekl kdosi, kdo si pamatoval n\u011bco m\u00e1lo z\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky t\u00e9to odpov\u011bdi se na tabuli v\u00a0rychl\u00e9m sledu objevily informace o aramejsk\u00e9 st\u00e9le, kter\u00e1 byla objevena v\u00a0roce 1993 a dokladuje panov\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1le Davida, zm\u00ednka o Meshsk\u00e9 st\u00e9le, nalezen\u00e9 o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sto let d\u0159\u00edve. Svitek zase symbolizoval texty jin\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e9 Saula nebo Davida zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kniha coby symbol bible, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e jedin\u00e9 se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me v\u00edce podrobnost\u00ed o souboji a odkud \u010derpaj\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhov\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/ioijkq.bay.livefilestore.com\/y1plW665rJMctDArqH3r1nwC9hgARb8wK2VOaH4gRJJdsr3zgrF3hqzVU47_TA9uhbDDYDnUQe8181JMPGvgCccpaR9zvVN9snm\/davidagolias7.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"477\" height=\"444\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eTak to shrneme\u2026 Co jsme se v\u0161echno z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu a o p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu dozv\u011bd\u011bli? V\u00edme\u2026\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kde se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1,<\/li>\n<li>kdo v\u00a0n\u011bm vystupuje,<\/li>\n<li>kdy se to mo\u017en\u00e1 stalo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u201eA co v\u00edme o pov\u011bstech?\u201c <\/em>zeptal jsem se.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201e\u017de jsou z\u010d\u00e1sti pravdiv\u00e9.\u201c \u201e\u017de v\u00a0nich vystupuj\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 \u017eili.\u201c \u201e\u017de v\u00a0nich jsou existuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsta.\u201c<\/em> <em>\u201e\u017de si m\u016f\u017eem\u2018 zjistit, kdy \u017ee se to jako stalo,\u201c<\/em> vybral jsem si ze s\u00e9rie odpov\u011bd\u00ed ty v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA co jsme te\u010f o p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o Davidovi a Goli\u00e1\u0161ovi zjistili?\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201ePro\u010d je to pov\u011bst,\u201c<\/em> odpov\u011bd\u011bla si Esty, kter\u00e1 se na za\u010d\u00e1tku hodiny zeptala.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eA taky jsme si znovu ov\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee n\u00e1m metoda <strong>6 ot\u00e1zek<\/strong> <\/em>Kdo? Co? Kde? Kdy? Jak? a Pro\u010d? <em>op\u011bt pomohla rozlo\u017eit probl\u00e9m na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky \u2013 a potom ho pochopit,\u201c<\/em> neopomenul dodat rar\u00e1\u0161ek pedagog.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ioijkq.bay.livefilestore.com\/y1pa0ek6imjKQz-bh8hAwRwxds2ThQaZ3AlJuXiWjptrkj-dlwErfEutcXB8vkW06nWS48CTpWMtO-nIboCGhMxJ2tuEl-UzwRa\/davidagolias8.png?psid=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"567\" height=\"509\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Metoda <strong>6 ot\u00e1zek<\/strong> je vskutku mocn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 a ur\u010dit\u011b se k\u00a0n\u00ed (a k\u00a0tomu, kde v\u0161ude a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m) na blogu je\u0161t\u011b dostanu. Dnes se chci ov\u0161em zm\u00ednit o n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdklad z\u00a0hodin v\u00a0brzk\u00e9 dob\u011b rozhodn\u011b nezmiz\u00ed, jak by si mo\u017en\u00e1 auto\u0159i reformy p\u0159\u00e1li. A mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee by ani nem\u011bl.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">(A ne\u017e m\u011b za\u010dnete zatracovat, zkuste se pros\u00edm zastavit nad t\u00edmto: Na \u0161kol\u00e1ch m\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1ky nau\u010dit pracovat s\u00a0informacemi, m\u00e1me je nau\u010dit \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my a m\u00e1me je nau\u010dit, jak s\u00a0t\u011bmito \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi sezn\u00e1mit ostatn\u00ed. A kde se asi tak mil\u00ed \u017e\u00e1\u010dci setkaj\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak probl\u00e9m \u201evykl\u00e1dat\u201c (prezentovat, vysv\u011btlovat, objas\u0148ovat \u010di jin\u00e9 synonymum), kdy\u017e budou \u201ejen\u201c samostatn\u011b zpracov\u00e1vat zadan\u00e9 \u00fakoly, he?)<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdklad, \u010dili prezentace (nov\u00e9ho) u\u010diva, to nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt po \u201e<em>staronovoreformov\u00e9m<\/em>&#8220; jen skv\u011bl\u00e1 \u201eprezentace\u201c vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9m programu pro tvo\u0159en\u00ed prezentac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto \u010dlov\u011bku stejn\u011b dob\u0159e poslou\u017e\u00ed i oby\u010dejn\u00e1 tabule a barevn\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddy (nebo v\u00a0m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b b\u00edl\u00e1 tabule a fixy).<\/p>\n<p>A potom u\u017e jen sta\u010d\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt p\u00e1r b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch geometrick\u00fdch tvar\u016f, trochu toho textu \u2013 a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dop\u0159edu ujasn\u011bnou strukturu.<\/p>\n<p>Jestli\u017ee jste \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm nikdy nic podobn\u00e9ho na tabuli nekreslili, doporu\u010duji jedin\u00e9. Ne\u017e se do toho pust\u00edte, v\u017edy si dop\u0159edu promyslete, jak m\u00e1 vypadat v\u00fdsledn\u00fd obr\u00e1zek.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Zamyslete se nad t\u00edm, co v\u0161echno by si o prob\u00edran\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu m\u011bli \u017e\u00e1\u010dci zapamatovat \u2013 a co by se tedy m\u011blo v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdkladu objevit.<\/li>\n<li>Ze shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch informac\u00ed vyberte ty informace, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed kostru cel\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu.<\/li>\n<li>Zkuste si p\u0159edstavit, jak by se mohly tyto informace objevit na tabuli. (Nikoli v\u0161ak jen jako slova, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed podob\u011b. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, zamyslete se nad t\u00edm, jak\u00fd obr\u00e1zek by se z\u00a0t\u011bchto informac\u00ed dal nakreslit.)<\/li>\n<li>A potom u\u017e si jen n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t \u201evyzkou\u0161ejte\u201c postup, kter\u00fdm budete tabuli informacemi zapl\u0148ovat. A dr\u017ete si palce, aby se v\u00e1m napoprv\u00e9 moc neklepala ruka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Nen\u00ed toho m\u00e1lo a nen\u00ed to \u00fapln\u011b jednoduch\u00e9. Ale jak u\u017e to v\u00a0poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch, pardon, i v n\u011bkter\u00fdch pov\u011bstech b\u00fdv\u00e1, odm\u011bna je sladk\u00e1. Nau\u010dit se efektivn\u011b vysv\u011btlovat pomoc\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1m (a\u00a0va\u0161im \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm dvojn\u00e1sob) usnadnit \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud byste se o tom, jak pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f \u0159e\u0161it a vysv\u011btlovat probl\u00e9my, cht\u011bli dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce, zkuste se pod\u00edvat po knize <a href=\"http:\/\/www.melvil.cz\/kniha-napady-na-ubrousku\"><strong>N\u00e1pady na ubrousku<\/strong><\/a>, ze kter\u00e9 jsem se to nau\u010dil j\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Jej\u00ed autor, <a href=\"http:\/\/digitalroam.com\/\">Dan Roam<\/a> u\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e (sv\u011bdomit\u011b a srozumiteln\u011b), jak b\u011bhem v\u00fdkladu nutit poslucha\u010de pou\u017e\u00edvat nejen b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed (v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161kol rozum\u011bjte p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dum\u00e1n\u00ed nad t\u00edm, co se podnikne o p\u0159est\u00e1vce, a\u017e se u\u010ditel na dozoru ztrat\u00ed z\u00a0dohledu).<\/p>\n<p>Roam ukazuje, jak jednoduch\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zky probudit k\u00a0\u010dinnosti i poslucha\u010dovu p\u0159edstavivost. A na praktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkladech vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se hod\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat m\u00edsto abstraktn\u00edch, \u010dasto snadno uchopiteln\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f jednoduch\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky \u2013 a vyu\u017e\u00edt jejich hravost k\u00a0p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed poslucha\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Zkuste to sami a uvid\u00edte. Jakmile toti\u017e za\u010dnete b\u011bhem n\u011bjak\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu skicovat jednoduch\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, va\u0161i poslucha\u010di nejen usly\u0161\u00ed, ale i uvid\u00ed, z\u00a0\u010deho se probl\u00e9m skl\u00e1d\u00e1, kdy a kde vznikl \u2013 a jak vypad\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jim navrhujete.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158e\u0161it probl\u00e9my a (mo\u017en\u00e1 jednou) prod\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1pady. Nen\u00ed to n\u00e1hodou n\u011bco, co by si \u017e\u00e1ci m\u011bli ze \u0161kol tak\u00e9 odn\u00e9st?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080\">(Asi bych m\u011bl pro po\u0159\u00e1dek dodat, \u017ee jsem, jsa z\u00a0vlastn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den o jej\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dnosti, na knihu <\/span><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.melvil.cz\/kniha-napady-na-ubrousku\"><strong>N\u00e1pady na ubrousku<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><span style=\"color: #808080\"> upozornil brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00ed <a href=\"http:\/\/www.melvil.cz\/\">Melvil<\/a> a na vyd\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0nakladatelstv\u00edm spolupracoval. Ne\u017e kniha <strong>N\u00e1pady na ubrousku <\/strong>vy\u0161la, stala se na serveru Amazon.com nejprod\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00ed knihou ve sv\u00e9 kategorii. A aby toho nebylo m\u00e1lo, zhruba \u010dtrn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed p\u0159ed \u010desk\u00fdm vyd\u00e1n\u00edm vyhr\u00e1la \u201eubrouskov\u00e1 metoda\u201c vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed titul <a href=\"http:\/\/digitalroam.typepad.com\/digital_roam\/2009\/09\/health-care-napkins-take-top-honors.html\">\u201enejlep\u0161\u00ed prezentace roku 2009\u201c<\/a> na serveru <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/\"><strong>SlideShare.net<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080\">Obr\u00e1zky v \u010dl\u00e1nku jsou nakreslen\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed open source programu <a href=\"http:\/\/mypaint.intilinux.com\/\">MyPaint<\/a>, p\u0159i prezentov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v hodin\u00e1ch \u010di na semin\u00e1\u0159\u00edch ov\u0161em kresl\u00edm do skv\u011bl\u00e9ho programu <a href=\"http:\/\/www.modernivyuka.cz\/ucitel\/Hlavn%C3%ADstr%C3%A1nka\/tabid\/231\/ctl\/Details\/mid\/809\/ItemID\/741\/language\/cs-CZ\/Default.aspx\">OneNote<\/a>, kter\u00fd se ze stoje a bez kl\u00e1vesnice snadn\u011bji ovl\u00e1d\u00e1.)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201ePane u\u010diteli, a podle \u010deho pozn\u00e1m, \u017ee je to pov\u011bst?\u201c Byla to nevinn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka nevinn\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte? Potuteln\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kterou se \u017e\u00e1k (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u017e\u00e1kyn\u011b) sna\u017e\u00ed zahnat kantora do kouta \u010di aspo\u0148 trochu pozdr\u017eet hodinu? Nebo je to ot\u00e1zka my\u0161len\u00e1 zcela v\u00e1\u017en\u011b &#8211; a u\u010ditel by m\u011bl vysko\u010dit metr do v\u00fd\u0161ky a radost\u00ed zvolat: \u201eOna [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1807,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[949],"tags":[951,953,957,959,273,955],"class_list":["post-9","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vizualizace-informaci","tag-6-otazek","tag-ctenarska-gramotnost","tag-nazornost","tag-obrazky","tag-prezentace","tag-reseni-problemu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1807"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9\/revisions\/89"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}