{"id":105,"date":"2011-01-22T15:48:41","date_gmt":"2011-01-22T14:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/?p=105"},"modified":"2011-01-22T17:51:15","modified_gmt":"2011-01-22T16:51:15","slug":"jak-ucit-zaky-klast-otazky-k-ucivu-aneb-poznamky-ve-stylu-cornell-verze-2-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/2011\/01\/22\/jak-ucit-zaky-klast-otazky-k-ucivu-aneb-poznamky-ve-stylu-cornell-verze-2-0\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak u\u010dit \u017e\u00e1ky kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky k u\u010divu aneb Pozn\u00e1mky ve stylu Cornell, verze 2.0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsem p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety napsal poprv\u00e9 o metod\u011b veden\u00ed pozn\u00e1mek ve stylu Cornell<\/a>, objevilo se k \u010dl\u00e1nku hned n\u011bkolik koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f a vzkaz\u016f. Jejich auto\u0159i nazna\u010dovali, \u017ee jim tato metoda p\u0159ijde velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

I pustil jsem se do dal\u0161\u00edho experimentu a zkusil tuto metodu nau\u010dit u\u010ditele na n\u011bkolika sv\u00fdch semin\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. A poka\u017ed\u00e9 jsem se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee se jim psan\u00ed pozn\u00e1mek t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem l\u00edb\u00ed \u2013 a \u017ee jej za\u010dnou v praxi pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

Jak vypadaj\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky ve stylu Cornell?<\/h3>\n

Ne ka\u017ed\u00e9mu se chce klikat a \u010d\u00edst p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek. V\u016fbec se nezlob\u00edm, naopak. Usnadn\u00edm v\u00e1m to a nab\u00eddnu ve stru\u010dnosti popis pozn\u00e1mkov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru ve stylu Cornell. A p\u0159id\u00e1m to, jak s materi\u00e1lem v hodin\u00e1ch pracuji.<\/p>\n

Pap\u00edr pro pozn\u00e1mky se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 pol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Horn\u00ed pole identifikuje t\u00e9ma<\/h3>\n

Horn\u00ed pole slou\u017e\u00ed jako prostor, kam si \u017e\u00e1ci uvedou n\u00e1zev t\u00e9matu, a pokud pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed m\u00edsto se\u0161it\u016f slohu na materi\u00e1ly z r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, potom tak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bt, ve kter\u00e9m si pozn\u00e1mky d\u011blali.<\/p>\n

St\u0159edn\u00ed pole pro hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci<\/h3>\n

St\u0159edn\u00ed pole si \u017e\u00e1ci rozd\u011bl\u00ed na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n

Prav\u00fd sloupec jako m\u00edsto pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky<\/h4>\n

Prav\u00fd sloupec b\u00fdv\u00e1 2x siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sloupec lev\u00fd. Do prav\u00e9ho sloupce si p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci pozn\u00e1mky, jak jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b zvykl\u00ed ps\u00e1t si do se\u0161itu. Opisuj\u00ed bu\u010f z tabule, spolu s u\u010ditelem d\u00e1vaj\u00ed dohromady jednotliv\u00e9 definice \u010di si zapisuj\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky b\u011bhem p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky.<\/p>\n

U\u010d\u00edte-li \u017e\u00e1ky tuto metodu pou\u017e\u00edvat, rozd\u011blte si tabuli, na kterou budete ps\u00e1t \u201ez\u00e1pis\u201c stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. A nebojte se do tohoto pole i kreslit<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Lev\u00fd sloupec jako m\u00edsto pro ot\u00e1zky k t\u00e9matu<\/h4>\n

Nyn\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl od klasick\u00fdch se\u0161itov\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mek. Jako u\u010ditel\u00e9 chceme, aby \u017e\u00e1ci nad t\u00edm, co si p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed do se\u0161itu, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli, \u017ee? Ne v\u017edy se n\u00e1m to ale poda\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee?<\/p>\n

Po skon\u010den\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti z\u00e1pisu chci po sv\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1c\u00edch, aby zkusili vytvo\u0159it ot\u00e1zky, na kter\u00e9 bych se je mohl na u\u010divo zapsan\u00e9 v prav\u00e9m sloupci zeptat v testu.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem p\u00e1r vte\u0159in pochop\u00ed, \u017ee ani jedna z ot\u00e1zek nebude zji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed. A kdy\u017e to v\u016fbec nejde, sta\u010d\u00ed je na\u0165uknout sm\u011brem k metod\u011b ot\u00e1zek Kdo-Co-Kde-Kdy-Jak-Pro\u010d<\/a> a m\u00e1te je v hrsti.<\/p>\n

Zapi\u0161te nejl\u00e9pe formulovan\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky na tabuli<\/h4>\n

Krok, kter\u00fd je tak jasn\u00fd, \u017ee ho nikdo ned\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ne v\u0161ichni \u017e\u00e1ci st\u00edhaj\u00ed zapisovat, co se ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b jen \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Ne v\u0161ichni \u017e\u00e1ci maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee to, co se \u201ejen\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. A n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci nehnou prstem, dokud to nen\u00ed a tabuli.<\/p>\n

By\u0165 v\u0161echna pravidla pr\u00e1ce moder\u00e1tora diskuse prohla\u0161uj\u00ed, \u017ee by se m\u011bly zapisovat odpov\u011bdi publika v p\u0159esn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed, \u010dasto rad\u011bji ot\u00e1zky doformuluji \u2013 aby si pr\u00e1v\u011b ti \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00ed na text na tabuli nezapsali n\u011bjakou polovi\u010datost.<\/p>\n

Na konci t\u00e9matu shr\u0148te cel\u00fd pap\u00edr do spodn\u00edho pole<\/h3>\n

Spodn\u00ed prostor slou\u017e\u00ed ke shrnut\u00ed cel\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu do n\u011bkolika na sebe navazuj\u00edc\u00edch, dob\u0159e formulovan\u00fdch v\u011bt. (Pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 publikum z \u0159ad \u010de\u0161tin\u00e1\u0159\u016f \u2013 klasick\u00fd v\u00fdtah.)<\/p>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku bude lep\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1vat i shrnut\u00ed se \u017e\u00e1ky dohromady. Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je studijn\u00ed typ a bude jim chv\u00edli trvat na to, jak takov\u00e9 \u201ezjednodu\u0161en\u00e9\u201c definice d\u00e1vat dohromady. Sna\u017ete se je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, aby p\u0159i psan\u00ed zapisovali zn\u011bn\u00ed pokud mo\u017eno vlastn\u00edmi slovy. Uka\u017ete jim, jak p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed shrnut\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt ot\u00e1zky. (v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je pr\u00e1v\u011b ot\u00e1zky samy k v\u011bt\u00e1m shrnut\u00ed navedou).<\/p>\n

Ne v\u017edy na konci hodiny, n\u011bkdy t\u0159eba i na konci cel\u00e9ho t\u00fddne se dostanete ke spodn\u00edmu poli. Nesp\u011bchejte, rad\u011bji z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci odlo\u017ete, dokud nebude popsan\u00fd cel\u00fd pap\u00edr \u2013 nebo dokud nebude probran\u00e9 cel\u00e9 dan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. Hlavn\u011b nic neusp\u011bchejte.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159. t\u00e9ma trpn\u00fd a \u010dinn\u00fd rod maj\u00ed m\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci otev\u0159en\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00fd druh\u00fd t\u00fdden. \u010cek\u00e1m toti\u017e je\u0161t\u011b, a\u017e \u201edob\u0159e\u201c porozum\u00ed problematice rozd\u00edlu slovesn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edsudku a p\u0159\u00edsudku jmenn\u00e9ho se sponou \u2013 a tvaru slovesa v trpn\u00e9m rod\u011b. Teprve potom si z\u00e1pis z pap\u00edru trpn\u00fd rod shrneme. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se tam objev\u00ed v\u011bta ve smyslu <\/em>Pozor! Nepl\u00e9st s p\u0159\u00edsudkem jmenn\u00fdm se sponou.<\/p>\n

Zde m\u00e1te konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed uk\u00e1zku z\u00e1pisu, kter\u00fd d\u00e1vali \u017e\u00e1ci dohromady pro t\u00e9ma p\u0159\u00edvlastek, zat\u00edm v\u0161ak bez shrnut\u00ed. (V\u011bt\u0161inou \u017e\u00e1ci pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed p\u0159ipomenout, jak pap\u00edr vypad\u00e1. Tak\u017ee na za\u010d\u00e1tek v\u017edy kresl\u00edm na tabuli cel\u00fd vzhled pap\u00edru.) (Foceno v pr\u016fb\u011bhu hodiny mobiln\u00edm telefonem)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Studijn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b na test<\/h3>\n

D\u00e1 to velkou pr\u00e1ci, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit \u017e\u00e1ky, aby se do podobn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce pustili. Tro\u0161ku se to li\u0161\u00ed od klasiky, kdy \u010dlov\u011bk jen n\u011bco zap\u00ed\u0161e do se\u0161itu a potom to u\u010diteli p\u0159evykl\u00e1d\u00e1. I samotn\u00fd z\u00e1pis vezme daleko v\u00edce \u010dasu \u2013 a mus\u00ed se s n\u00edm p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed hodin po\u010d\u00edtat. Tak kde se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e1 ta v\u00fdhoda? Pro\u010d to vlastn\u011b d\u011blat?<\/p>\n

Jednoduch\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte tuto metodu \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm na n\u011bjak\u00e9 informacemi nabit\u00e9m t\u00e9matu. D\u011bjepis, ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00fdchova, zem\u011bpis, chemie, p\u0159\u00edrodopis\u2026 fantazii se meze nekladou. Dokonce i liter\u00e1rn\u00ed t\u00e9mata v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed, aby si \u017e\u00e1ci tuto metodu vyzkou\u0161eli.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Za\u010dn\u011bte s pap\u00edrem velikosti A4.<\/li>\n
  2. Rozd\u011blte jej do jednotliv\u00fdch pol\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  3. Zpracujte s nimi po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1pis do prav\u00e9ho pole.<\/li>\n
  4. Vyhrajte si s formulac\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch studijn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek v lev\u00e9m poli.<\/li>\n
  5. Dejte dohromady shrnut\u00ed, za kter\u00e9 by se nemuseli styd\u011bt ani auto\u0159i u\u010debnic.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    A potom, potom ud\u011blejte mal\u00e9 kouzlo.<\/p>\n

    Vezm\u011bte si od n\u011bkter\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka jeho pap\u00edr s pozn\u00e1mkami. P\u0159ede v\u0161emi jej p\u0159elo\u017ete po svisl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1\u0159e. Oto\u010dte l\u00edcem k sob\u011b studijn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, z\u00e1pisov\u00e9 pole oto\u010dte dol\u016f. Po\u017e\u00e1dejte \u017e\u00e1ky, a\u0165 ud\u011blaj\u00ed to sam\u00e9. A potom je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dte, aby si sami zkusili na (sv\u00e9) ot\u00e1zky odpov\u011bd\u011bt.<\/p>\n

    Uvid\u00edte, jak jim to p\u016fjde. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich pochop\u00ed hned na poprv\u00e9. T\u011bm zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm sta\u010d\u00ed nazna\u010dit, \u017ee se z dan\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu bude ps\u00e1t test \u2013 a \u017ee si budete n\u011bkter\u00e9 ty ot\u00e1zky pamatovat. Aby tak\u00e9 ne: v\u017edy\u0165 jsou to dopl\u0148ovac\u00ed ot\u00e1zky \u2013 ne nepodobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00fdch m\u00e1me pln\u00e9 testy.<\/p>\n

    A co na to klasick\u00e9 se\u0161ity?<\/h3>\n

    V\u0161echno to zn\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u011b, dokud se nedostaneme k tomu, kam tyto z\u00e1pisy ps\u00e1t. Klasick\u00e9 A5 se\u0161ity nejsou na tento styl z\u00e1pisu u mlad\u0161\u00edch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f na druh\u00e9m stupni zcela ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Zkou\u0161el jsem to se \u017e\u00e1ky n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t a v\u017edycky jsme narazili na stejn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my: nevypsan\u00e9 ruce a velk\u00e9 a rozm\u00e1chl\u00e9 p\u00edsmo u mnoha \u017e\u00e1k\u016f vedlo k tomu, \u017ee byl z\u00e1pis t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem zcela nep\u0159ehledn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    Zru\u0161il jsem tedy v \u010desk\u00e9m jazyce se\u0161it, zavedl pr\u00e1ci s portfoliem a zase m\u00e1m chv\u00edli klid. Tedy p\u0159esn\u011bji, m\u011bl jsem. Dokud jsem nenarazil na rodi\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed odkojeni klasickou se\u0161itovou \u0161kolou, neza\u010dali protestovat. Zat\u00edm jsme ve f\u00e1zi p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Uvid\u00edme, jak se bude situace d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjet.<\/p>\n

    (Objev\u00ed-li se v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch z\u00e1jem, r\u00e1d o tom, jak s portfoliem m\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci pracuj\u00ed, nap\u00ed\u0161u n\u011bjak\u00fd ten \u010dl\u00e1nek. Nechci se nutit.)
    \n<\/span><\/p>\n

    Pozn\u00e1mky z porady – ve stylu Cornell<\/h3>\n

    Bylo by na nic u\u010dit \u017e\u00e1ky n\u011bco, co by se jim v \u017eivot\u011b nikdy nemohlo hodit. K \u010demu by se mohl hodit Cornell styl mimo studium nov\u00fdch informac\u00ed?<\/p>\n

    Zkuste si n\u011bkdy podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zapsat pozn\u00e1mky z porad. (Tedy jen v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou va\u0161e porady stejn\u011b konstruktivn\u00ed, jako ty na\u0161e.)<\/p>\n

    Do velk\u00e9ho pole pozn\u00e1mky, do lev\u00e9ho pole t\u00e9mata \u2013 a do spodn\u00edho pole \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 na v\u00e1s z porady vyplynou. Hned uvid\u00edte, jak se v\u00e1m bude s \u00fakoly pracovat.<\/p>\n

    Ani optimismus se nesm\u00ed p\u0159ehnat.<\/h3>\n

    Nebudu v\u00e1m nic nalh\u00e1vat, zapoj\u00ed se jen ty \u201estudijn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c typy. A ze zbytku jen ti, kdo maj\u00ed zrovna n\u00e1ladu. A z t\u011bch ostatn\u00edch m\u00edt strach nemus\u00edte, nebudou d\u011blat nikdy.<\/p>\n

    A jak byste si mohli trochu uleh\u010dit pr\u00e1ci s t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed by se k pr\u00e1ci dali eventu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit?<\/p>\n

    Sv\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky m\u016f\u017eete na tento zp\u016fsob z\u00e1pisu trochu nasm\u011brovat.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    N\u011bkdy jim t\u0159eba pro samostudium p\u0159iprav\u00edm pozn\u00e1mkov\u00fd pap\u00edr s p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami<\/a>, na kter\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed odpov\u011bdi Jindy zase dostanou pap\u00edr, v n\u011bm\u017e jsou v prav\u00e9m poli n\u011bkter\u00e9 informace zapsan\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Jist\u011b, zase hromada pr\u00e1ce na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Ale \u017eivot se d\u00e1 p\u0159ece usnadnit pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdch f\u00edgl\u00edk\u016f, ne?<\/p>\n

    Zde si m\u016f\u017eete st\u00e1hnout \u0161ablony pozn\u00e1mkov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru ve stylu Cornell ve form\u00e1tu PDF<\/a>, odkaz na gener\u00e1tor pap\u00edru do PDF<\/a> v angli\u010dtin\u011b, pro Word 1997 \u2013 2003<\/a>, Word 2007 – 2010<\/a>, OpenOffice<\/a>, GoogleDocs<\/a>. Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee se budou hodit. (\u0160ablony p\u0159es SkyDrive zkou\u0161\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159it poprv\u00e9, dejte mi pros\u00edm v\u011bd\u011bt, kdyby to nefungovalo.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kdy\u017e jsem p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety napsal poprv\u00e9 o metod\u011b veden\u00ed pozn\u00e1mek ve stylu Cornell, objevilo se k \u010dl\u00e1nku hned n\u011bkolik koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f a vzkaz\u016f. Jejich auto\u0159i nazna\u010dovali, \u017ee jim tato metoda p\u0159ijde velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1. I pustil jsem se do dal\u0161\u00edho experimentu a zkusil tuto metodu nau\u010dit u\u010ditele na n\u011bkolika sv\u00fdch semin\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. A poka\u017ed\u00e9 jsem se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1807,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1009],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-studijni-metody"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1807"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105\/revisions\/131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/lukasbajer\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}