Matkou moudrosti nen\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak n\u00e1m \u010dasto opakuj\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Opakov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt otcem pam\u011bti, i kdy\u017e bezduch\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 jen m\u011blkou a kr\u00e1tkou. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed by se m\u011blo podobat sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159e\u017evykov\u00e1n\u00ed – sousto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed se pon\u011bkud pro\u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1, pak jde do hloubi, ale brzy se znovu vr\u00e1t\u00ed a p\u0159e\u017evykov\u00e1n\u00edm d\u00e1l zpracuje v l\u00e1tku schopnou n\u00e1s vy\u017eivit.
\nDob\u0159e zapamatovan\u00e1 data ve \u0161kole jsou ta, kter\u00e1 se z hloubi vyno\u0159uj\u00ed u\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 obalena souvislostmi.
\nNap\u0159\u00edklad. v\u00edme-li, \u017ee K.H. M\u00e1cha op\u011bv\u00e1 v M\u00e1ji otcovraha, bylo by dobr\u00e9 si to pamatovat v souvislosti s t\u00edm, \u017ee do t\u00e9 role se jeho Vil\u00e9m dostal nev\u011bdomky, nemilosrdn\u00fdm a v\u016f\u010di \u010dlov\u011bku chladn\u00fdm osudem, tedy \u017ee jako jednotlivec je \u010dlov\u011bk vyd\u00e1n na milost a nemilost siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mocnostem, ne\u017e je jeho v\u016fle. A tato znalost by se m\u011bla dal\u0161\u00edm opakov\u00e1n\u00edm obohatit – ve styku s jin\u00fdmi poznatky – o to, jak se v romantismu \u010dlov\u011bk c\u00edtil b\u00fdt utla\u010dov\u00e1n a manipulov\u00e1n normami tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u0161os\u00e1ck\u00e9 a \u00fazkoprs\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti .<\/p>\n
Porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak jde – ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s opakov\u00e1n\u00edm – jinam, a to rovnou sm\u011brem vzh\u016fru, k mozku. Maj\u00ed v\u0161ak spole\u010dn\u00e9 to, \u017ee jde o p\u0159em\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed: objekt sv\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed si p\u0159edhazujeme p\u0159ed du\u0161evn\u00edm nebo skute\u010dn\u00fdm zrakem, abychom mu l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli.
\nKdy\u017e porovn\u00e1v\u00e1me, nejenom popisujeme jedno a pak druh\u00e9 (to je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed). Hlavn\u011b mus\u00edme k sob\u011b d\u00e1vat to, co maj\u00ed porovn\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u011bci shodn\u00e9 \u010di podobn\u00e9, a co maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9! (V \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kole m\u00e1lo sly\u0161\u00edme zad\u00e1n\u00ed typu „Porovnejte A a B a uve\u010fte, v \u010dem se shoduj\u00ed a li\u0161\u00ed.“
\nAle pro\u010d m\u00e1me k sob\u011b d\u00e1vat, v \u010dem se v\u011bci shoduj\u00ed? Abychom zjistili OBECN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd pojem, kter\u00fd nad nimi stoj\u00ed. Tak budeme v\u011bd\u011bt, co pod co pat\u0159\u00ed, co je p\u0159\u00edpad \u010deho jin\u00e9ho. A ty odli\u0161n\u00e9 rysy? Ty n\u00e1s uji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, zda opravdu jsou ty dv\u011b v\u011bci ze stejn\u00e9ho hn\u00edzda, anebo zda u\u017e o nich m\u00e1me uva\u017eovat jako o dvou zcela ciz\u00edch objektech.
\nPorovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1s tak vede ke vzniku pojm\u016f, vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch a obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kategori\u00ed. Jak spolu v\u011bci v na\u0161em \u017eivot\u011b a sv\u011bt\u011b souvisej\u00ed, to pochop\u00edme pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee um\u00edme v nich zahl\u00e9dnout a hledat to, co maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. A to je z\u00e1klad my\u0161len\u00ed a taky vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b: A co s t\u00edm m\u00e1 co d\u011blat Ireneus?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Matkou moudrosti nen\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak n\u00e1m \u010dasto opakuj\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Opakov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt otcem pam\u011bti, i kdy\u017e bezduch\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 jen m\u011blkou a kr\u00e1tkou. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed by se m\u011blo podobat sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159e\u017evykov\u00e1n\u00ed – sousto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed se pon\u011bkud pro\u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1, pak jde do hloubi, ale brzy se znovu vr\u00e1t\u00ed a p\u0159e\u017evykov\u00e1n\u00edm d\u00e1l zpracuje v l\u00e1tku schopnou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/73"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5\/revisions\/7"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}