<\/p>\n
Nech\u00e1me ml\u00e1de\u017e myslit jen prakticky a doslovn\u011b?<\/strong><\/p>\n Od \u0159ady u\u010ditel\u016f sly\u0161\u00edm stesky, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci r\u016fzn\u00e9ho v\u011bku se nezaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o \u201eteorie\u201f, o my\u0161lenky a domn\u011bnky, \u017ee nehledaj\u00ed za slovy nebo jevy n\u011bjak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamy, ale \u017ee rovnou mysl\u00ed na v\u011bcn\u00fd prosp\u011bch, na bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed efekt sv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Maj\u00ed proto pot\u00ed\u017ee s pochopen\u00edm pojm\u016f v p\u0159edm\u011btech jako je ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00fdchova, historie nebo liter\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdchova. Ale tak\u00e9 kles\u00e1 z\u00e1jem \u017e\u00e1k\u016f o p\u0159edm\u011bty p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9. Za p\u00e1r let u\u017e nebudeme m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 u\u010ditele fyziky…<\/p>\n Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee nov\u00e9 generace takov\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b jsou. Nev\u00edme, jestli je to d\u016fsledek pragmatismu jejich porevolu\u010dn\u00edch rodi\u010d\u016f-podnikatel\u016f i drobn\u00fdch salamist\u016f (to nejsou mohamed\u00e1ni, ale je to term\u00edn pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u00ed\u0159\u00ed daleko ani vysoko, ale koukaj\u00ed ukrojit pro sebe, co se zrovna ukrojit d\u00e1…). Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to jen d\u016fsledek dobov\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry prosycen\u00e9 reklamou, zisky a k\u0161eftov\u00e1n\u00edm. Ale je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee jak se zhroutily velk\u00e9 (a obvykle zl\u00e9) ideologie, vytratily se ze zorn\u00e9ho pole i velk\u00e9 ideje, a bez nich se mysl\u00ed jen p\u0159i zemi. Nov\u00e1 ideologie \u2013 tr\u017en\u00edho mechanismu \u2013 v popul\u00e1rn\u00edm pojet\u00ed moc velk\u00fdch idej\u00ed taky neobsahuje, tak\u017ee co by mohlo v\u00e9st mlad\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka k chuti zab\u00fdvat se spekulacemi o dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, ztr\u00e1cet \u010das nere\u00e1ln\u00fdmi hypot\u00e9zami, badatelsk\u00fdmi pokusy?<\/p>\n M\u00e1m pravdu? Anebo \u017e\u00e1ci volaj\u00ed \u201ePane u\u010diteli, ne\u0159\u00edkejte n\u00e1m to, nediktujte n\u00e1m z\u00e1pisky, my to chceme vyb\u00e1dat sami!\u201f<\/p>\n A p\u0159itom m\u00e1me ve \u0161kole p\u0159edm\u011bty, v nich\u017e \u017e\u00e1k za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pozn\u00e1vat obory, kter\u00e9 badatelstv\u00ed velmi siln\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed! Nejen fyziku vesm\u00edru \u010di j\u00e1dra nebo historii p\u0159edch\u016fdc\u016f \u010dlov\u011bka, ale i b\u011b\u017enou biologii nebo i \u010de\u0161tinu. Badatelsk\u00e9 pojet\u00ed v\u00fduky dnes ve sv\u011bt\u011b slav\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy, proto\u017ee d\u011btem umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby nebyly v hodin\u011b jen poslucha\u010di a zapisova\u010di nebo zkou\u0161enci. K tomu ov\u0161em se dostanou jen \u017e\u00e1ci, ve kter\u00fdch rodi\u010de ani \u0161kola je\u0161t\u011b neubili d\u011btskou zv\u00eddavost. \u017d\u00e1ci se ve v\u00fduce dob\u00edraj\u00ed objev\u016f, odhaluj\u00ed souvislosti, kter\u00e9 sice byly u\u017e p\u0159ed nimi d\u00e1vno prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny, ale to moc nevad\u00ed \u2013 jednak d\u011bti o nich je\u0161t\u011b ani nesly\u0161ely, jednak cenn\u00e9 je nau\u010dit se b\u00e1dat, zkoumat, experimentovat, vyvozovat a objevovat. A pak asi jednou vynalezneme i v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 zat\u00edm nikdo nezn\u00e1 \u2013 t\u0159ebas sirup na chytrost nebo odstra\u0148ova\u010d za\u0161l\u00e1pnut\u00fdch \u017ev\u00fdka\u010dek.<\/p>\n Nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 si p\u0159evr\u00e1tit naruby tradi\u010dn\u00ed u\u010divo p\u0159edm\u011btu, aby se stalo badatelsk\u00fdm a p\u0159estalo b\u00fdt jen \u201epam\u011b\u0165ov\u011b-p\u0159e\u0159\u00edk\u00e1va\u010dsk\u00fdm\u201f (pro \u010de\u0161tin\u00e1\u0159e nab\u00edz\u00edm tr\u00e9nink na gramatick\u00e9m jevu \u201evid slovesn\u00fd\u201f, pro fyzik\u00e1\u0159e t\u0159ebas jev popsan\u00fd Archim\u00e9dov\u00fdm z\u00e1konem). Na objevov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch jev\u016f \u0161kole nesta\u010d\u00ed pen\u00edze (nem\u00e1 elektronov\u00fd mikroskop, ani urychlova\u010d \u010d\u00e1stic), a tak se n\u011bkter\u00e9 informace musej\u00ed prost\u011b \u201e\u0159\u00edct\u201f nebo p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst. Ale i ty mohou b\u00fdt pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny k \u00favaze, kdy\u017e u\u017e \u017e\u00e1ci nem\u016f\u017eou prov\u00e1d\u011bt d\u016fkazy. Zato v jin\u00e9m u\u010divu by d\u016fkazy z\u00edsk\u00e1vat mohli a m\u011bli.<\/p>\n \u017de voda mrzne p\u0159i teplot\u011b pod nulou, to je trochu nudn\u00e1 u\u010debn\u00ed l\u00e1tka, kdy\u017e to v\u0161ichni v\u00edme a vid\u00edme. Ale \u017ee v ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee d\u0159\u00edve zmrznout voda, kter\u00e1 pro\u0161la varem, ne\u017e voda vystydl\u00e1, to je moc divn\u00e9 a st\u00e1lo by to za \u00favahu a pokus. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee se prvn\u00edm krokem k takov\u00e9mu stylu v\u00fduky a u\u010den\u00ed stane \u010detba beletrie:<\/p>\n \u201eHork\u00e1 voda v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee zmrznout d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e studen\u00e1, proto\u017ee nejprve mus\u00ed vychladnout, a teprve pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee krystalizovat. V tom okam\u017eiku je v\u0161ak voda p\u016fvodn\u011b chladn\u00e1 d\u00e1vno pevn\u00fdm ledem!\u201c To se p\u00ed\u0161e v knize Plus Minus Max od Ji\u0159\u00edho Macouna (vydal nyn\u00ed Port\u00e1l).<\/p>\n Navrhuji \u010d\u00edst sob\u011b i se \u017e\u00e1ky takovou kr\u00e1snou literaturu \u2013 pro ml\u00e1de\u017e ov\u0161em. Pr\u00e1v\u011b kn\u00ed\u017eky o b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u011bd\u011b. Soupis kn\u00ed\u017eek pro ml\u00e1de\u017e vhodn\u00fdch ke \u010dten\u00ed v p\u0159edm\u011btech postupn\u011b dopl\u0148uji na webu Kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed (http:\/\/www.kritickemysleni.cz\/aktuality_show.php?co=358)<\/p>\n To by snad mohlo u\u010diteli a \u017e\u00e1kovi pomoct, aby se za\u010dal d\u00edvat na l\u00e1tku sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu jako na n\u011bco atraktivn\u00edho nejen pro vysoko\u0161kolsky vzd\u011blan\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka, ale i pro pubert\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017e\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n \n N\u011bkter\u00e9 tituly popul\u00e1rn\u011b vysv\u011btluj\u00ed odborn\u00e9, v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky o sv\u011bt\u011b, ale jin\u00e9 jsou skute\u010dn\u011b nap\u00ednav\u00e9 nebo vesel\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, v jejich\u017e rozvoji a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hraje p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 nebo historick\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed velkou roli. (Vzpome\u0148te na Chemick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy Sherlocka Holmese…)<\/p>\n Kn\u00ed\u017eka Ji\u0159\u00edho Macouna Plus Minus Max je u\u017e t\u0159et\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017ekou v \u0159ad\u011b o chlapci v osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, kter\u00fd se s partou spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016f a spolu\u017ea\u010dek dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do v\u0161elijak zapeklit\u00fdch situac\u00ed vlivem toho, \u017ee nad v\u011bcmi p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed a s nimi zach\u00e1z\u00ed jako badatel. Jeho vyn\u00e1lezy m\u00edvaj\u00ed povahu klukovsk\u00fdch fantazi\u00ed, av\u0161ak dota\u017een\u00fdch a\u017e k odborn\u00fdmi informac\u00edm a znalosti princip\u016f. N\u011bkdy z fyziky, jindy z chemie a tak\u00e9 z biologie rostlin. V\u00fdsledky jeho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pak dovedou po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zamotat situaci.<\/p>\n Dovedu si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee se \u010de\u0161tin\u00e1\u0159 a fyzik\u00e1\u0159 domluv\u00ed, \u017ee ve vhodnou dobu zapoj\u00ed do sv\u00e9 v\u00fduky uk\u00e1zky, \u00falohy a v\u00fdklady, kter\u00e9 budou kn\u00ed\u017eku takov\u00e9ho druhu vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u2013 jak k l\u00e1tce ve fyzice \u010di chemii, tak k l\u00e1tce v liter\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdchov\u011b a slohu. S u\u010ditelem fyziky by se \u017e\u00e1k m\u011bl domluvit, o tom kter\u00fd fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jev by \u017e\u00e1kovi st\u00e1l za vlastn\u00ed tvo\u0159iv\u00e9 psan\u00ed \u2013 n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u201eneuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9\u201f p\u0159\u00edhody, a kde bude hranice uv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9ho a nemo\u017en\u00e9ho. S \u010de\u0161tin\u00e1\u0159em by se mohl domluvit, jak\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na sloh t\u00edm napln\u00ed, a jakou kvalitu jazykovou by pr\u00e1ce m\u011bla m\u00edt.<\/p>\n Aby se \u017e\u00e1kova mysl nau\u010dila, \u017ee nejen z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed – konzum, ale i rozv\u00edjen\u00ed my\u0161lenek m\u00e1 cenu a je p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, pot\u0159ebuje se pohybovat v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde se s my\u0161lenkami pracuje, kde jsou sd\u00edleny a obdivov\u00e1ny. \u010cten\u00ed, kdy\u017e se mu nau\u010d\u00edme a provozujeme ho se \u017e\u00e1ky, je k tomu velmi vhodn\u00e9. S my\u0161lenkami se pak snadn\u011bji svezou ho hloubky trval\u00e9 pam\u011bti i znalosti, na nich\u017e si \u010ce\u0161i tolik zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee se kv\u016fli nim n\u011bkdy ve \u0161kole my\u0161lenka po cel\u00fd rok ani nemihne.<\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nech\u00e1me ml\u00e1de\u017e myslit jen prakticky a doslovn\u011b? Od \u0159ady u\u010ditel\u016f sly\u0161\u00edm stesky, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci r\u016fzn\u00e9ho v\u011bku se nezaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o \u201eteorie\u201f, o my\u0161lenky a domn\u011bnky, \u017ee nehledaj\u00ed za slovy nebo jevy n\u011bjak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamy, ale \u017ee rovnou mysl\u00ed na v\u011bcn\u00fd prosp\u011bch, na bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed efekt sv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Maj\u00ed proto pot\u00ed\u017ee s pochopen\u00edm pojm\u016f v p\u0159edm\u011btech jako je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/73"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47\/revisions\/49"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\u201eAle hork\u00e1 zmrzlina ztuhne v ledni\u010dce d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e nap\u0159ed vychladl\u00e1,\u201c prohl\u00e1sila Tereza nevzru\u0161en\u011b, jako by jen opakovala v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd poznatek.<\/em><\/p>\n