{"id":265,"date":"2013-05-14T12:58:38","date_gmt":"2013-05-14T10:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/?p=265"},"modified":"2013-05-14T12:58:38","modified_gmt":"2013-05-14T10:58:38","slug":"co-je-to-ten-standard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/2013\/05\/14\/co-je-to-ten-standard\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to ten Standard?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>U\u017e l\u00e9ta se sna\u017e\u00edm, aby se &#8222;standardem&#8220; m\u00ednilo &#8222;standardn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jist\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b \u017e\u00e1kovy pr\u00e1ce&#8220;. Ostatn\u011b mi p\u0159ipomn\u011bl Vladim\u00edr V\u00e1clav\u00edk v diskusi na http: <a href=\"http:\/\/diskuze.rvp.cz\/viewtopic.php?f=101&amp;t=21765&amp;sid=528826ffc481f0192b37903f56c31157&amp;start=60\">http:\/\/diskuze.rvp.cz\/viewtopic.php?f=101&amp;t=21765&amp;sid=528826ffc481f0192b37903f56c31157&amp;start=60<\/a><\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky mu za to, j\u00e1 na to s\u00e1m u\u017e zapomn\u011bl! A &#8222;standardn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220; znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zku\u0161en\u00ed, informovan\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci, hlavn\u011b u\u010ditel\u00e9 d\u011bt\u00ed, spole\u010dn\u011b dohodnou a vyvinou p\u0159edstavu toho, jak vypad\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce \u017e\u00e1ka na slu\u0161n\u00e9 \u00farovni &#8211; takov\u00e1, o kterou n\u00e1m v\u0161em v\u00e1\u017en\u011b jde, a kter\u00e9 takov\u00fd dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed, slu\u0161n\u011b \u0161kolou veden\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vid\u00edm, \u017ee to ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee to mus\u00ed b\u00fdt &#8222;v\u00fdstup&#8220;, tedy konec pr\u00e1ce. Standardn\u011b dobrou pr\u00e1ci projev\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k u\u017e b\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce na n\u011bjak\u00e9m komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolu (kdy\u017e t\u0159ebas ve skupince navrhuje v osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b re\u017eim, jak by \u0161kola m\u011bla zach\u00e1zet s odpadky ze \u0161koln\u00ed kuchyn\u011b a s tr\u00e1vou a list\u00edm ze \u0161koln\u00ed zahrady &#8211; a kdy\u017e to nechceme h\u00e1zet do popelnice ani platit za likvidaci). V postupu toho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u011b je spousta krok\u016f, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba ud\u011blat nap\u0159\u00edklad promy\u0161len\u011b, pe\u010dliv\u011b, informovan\u011b&#8230; Ale kolik mimo jin\u00e9 t\u00e9 promy\u0161lenosti, pe\u010dlivosti a informovanosti m\u00e1me o\u010dek\u00e1vat od osm\u00e1ka? O tom pr\u00e1v\u011b se maj\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 dohadovat v profesi a nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d p\u0159edm\u011bty, a to, na co p\u0159ijdou a spole\u010dn\u011b uznaj\u00ed, bude &#8222;standard&#8220; a\u017e do t\u00e9 doby, ne\u017e se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00edc, nebo \u017ee jsme si to nastavili moc vysoko.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ono to v\u016fbec nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9: proto\u017ee ze sebe ti u\u010ditel\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vydob\u00fdt sv\u00e9 nejlep\u0161\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s t\u00edm, co to \u017e\u00e1k vlastn\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1, co prov\u00e1d\u00ed i jak uva\u017euje. V civilizovan\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se na t\u00e9hle u\u010ditelsk\u00e9 dovednosti pracuje u\u017e des\u00edtky let, a tak v posledn\u00edch asi 10 letech opravdu vznikaj\u00ed velmi informovan\u00e9 a kvalitn\u00ed standardy (v r\u016fzn\u00e9 form\u011b \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed i ne\u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161inou se da\u0159\u00ed v nich m\u00edt jak o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed toho, \u010d\u00edm \u017e\u00e1k slu\u0161n\u011b zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd obor \u2013 tedy co dok\u00e1\u017ee konat t\u0159ebas v chemii nebo literatu\u0159e \u2013, tak i toho, v \u010dem je slu\u0161n\u011b vybaven z dovednost\u00ed u\u010dit se a b\u00e1dat, myslit, jednat s lidmi, tvo\u0159it nov\u00e9 v\u011bci atp. Ov\u0161em v cizin\u011b vid\u00edme jasn\u011b tak\u00e9 ohromn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi kulturami: co je kde jasn\u00e9, navykl\u00e9, a jinde novinkou, specialitou. \u010casto pro to v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b ani nem\u00e1me slovo, tedy ani pojem v obecn\u00e9m pov\u011bdom\u00ed&#8230; \u0160koda.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se tvorba standardu sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 skupince lid\u00ed, mus\u00ed to dopadnout tak, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 skupinka, dost zku\u0161en\u00e1 a pou\u010den\u00e1, vytvo\u0159\u00ed n\u011bco, \u010demu budou zku\u0161en\u00ed a pou\u010den\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 v ter\u00e9nu  rozum\u011bt a budou s t\u00edm um\u011bt pracovat, t\u0159eba\u017ee to sami nevytv\u00e1\u0159eli. (Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee takov\u00fd Standard vytvo\u0159ila v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m n\u00e1vrhu skupina pro v\u00fdchovu k ob\u010danstv\u00ed.) Ale m\u016f\u017ee se taky st\u00e1t, \u017ee podoba Standardu bude tak \u201enov\u00e1\u201c, \u017ee v ter\u00e9nu nenajde porozum\u011bn\u00ed ani podporu, proto\u017ee kdy\u017e u\u010ditel\u00e9 nerozum\u011bj\u00ed t\u0159ebas tomu, jakou svobodu k v\u00fduce jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdstup z RVP (to t\u0159ebas v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b celkem d\u00e1v\u00e1) a \u010d\u00edm ji naplnit, pak si d\u011blaj\u00ed nad\u011bji, \u017ee jim Standard d\u00e1 vod\u00edtko, \u017ee jim dod\u00e1 \u201eco maj\u00ed teda d\u011blat v hodin\u011b\u201c. A modern\u011b napsan\u00fd Standard jim vyhovovat nebude, zase bude nesrozumiteln\u00fd, odli\u0161n\u00fd od toho, na\u010d jsou zvykl\u00ed. Cht\u011bli p\u0159ece pouh\u00fd v\u00fd\u010det povinn\u00fdch t\u00e9mat a \u00fakon\u016f \u017e\u00e1ka. Anebo se Standard bude hodn\u011b podobat test\u016fm \u010c\u0160I, nebo star\u00fdm u\u010debnicov\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm &#8211; a to se bude mnoha u\u010ditel\u016fm l\u00edbit, proto\u017ee to bude odpov\u00eddat jejich stylu v\u00fduky, kter\u00e9mu je nau\u010dili na fakult\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ed\u0161u to tak dlouze proto, \u017ee si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee v takto rozmanit\u00e9m stavu v profesi, a p\u0159i celkem mal\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti se sestavov\u00e1n\u00edm Standard\u016f mezi odborn\u00edky i u\u010diteli (a mezi politiky jakbysmet) nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1 doba k vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Standard\u016f jako z\u00e1vazn\u00e9ho dokumentu. Ani k tomu, \u017ee bychom si sm\u011bli d\u011blat nad\u011bji, \u017ee Standardy n\u011bjak zlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fduku, nebo \u017ee dokonce zlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky pr\u00e1ce d\u011bt\u00ed. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed se ned\u011bl\u00e1 v\u00fdnosem, dokumentem, soupisem, ale prac\u00ed. N\u011bco lep\u0161\u00edho se mus\u00ed d\u00edt ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b mezi u\u010ditelem a d\u011btmi. Je ale mo\u017en\u00e9 zlep\u0161ovat podm\u00ednky u\u010den\u00ed a v\u00fduky. Kdo to chce zlep\u0161ovat zven\u010d\u00ed, mus\u00ed se tam j\u00edt pod\u00edvat, nebo kdy\u017e je vevnit\u0159, tedy mus\u00ed m\u00edt nad svou prac\u00ed u\u010ditele dobr\u00fd nadhled (prof. Helus tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 u\u010ditel &#8211; reflektuj\u00edc\u00ed praktik). A oba by m\u011bli m\u00edt hodn\u011b dobrou p\u0159edstavu o tom, co se d\u011bje v mysli \u017e\u00e1ka,. kter\u00fd se u\u010d\u00ed \u2013 ne jen hodn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt o v\u00fdsledc\u00edch test\u016f, zkou\u0161en\u00ed, cvi\u010den\u00ed, ale o tom, \u201ejak to \u017e\u00e1k d\u011bl\u00e1, kdy\u017e se ub\u00edr\u00e1 k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>A teprve takov\u00e9 poznatky o kon\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ka jsou poznatky o jeho dovednostech, o tom, jak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00fdch v\u011bdomost\u00ed i jak je z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1. A v tom bychom mohli sami sob\u011b, ne \u017e\u00e1kovi!, stanovit standardn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Standard pak bude toto: \u201eTakov\u00e9hle u\u010den\u00ed j\u00e1 s d\u016fv\u011brou u sv\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1m, proto\u017ee jsem ho tomu vyu\u010doval\u201c. Pro v\u00fduku to pak m\u00e1 ten p\u0159\u00ednos, \u017ee si u\u010ditel uv\u011bdomuje \u201etak j\u00e1 mus\u00edm nechat d\u011bti hodn\u011b d\u011blat tohle a tohle&#8230;\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Kdyby v\u0161ak ve Standardu byly t\u0159ebas po\u017eadavky jako \u201e\u017e\u00e1k v 5. ro\u010dn\u00edku vyjmenuje rysy poh\u00e1dky\u201c, bude u\u010ditel nacvi\u010dovat s d\u011btmi ta slova jako \u201ekouzeln\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, mimo \u010das, dobro v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed&#8230;\u201c &#8211; str\u00e1v\u00ed takov\u00fdmi \u201ev\u00fdstupy\u201c v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu v\u00fduky, a d\u011bti nenau\u010d\u00ed s chut\u00ed a porozum\u011bn\u00edm si \u010d\u00edst v kn\u00ed\u017ek\u00e1ch&#8230; Nebo bude nacvi\u010dovat v biologii rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201el\u00edpa srd\u010dit\u00e1, l\u00edpa vej\u010dit\u00e1\u201c, ale nenau\u010d\u00ed je zkoumat a dozv\u00eddat se, jak se rostliny p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed podm\u00ednk\u00e1m \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed tu z\u00e1pas o znalosti versus dovednosti, n\u00fdbr\u017e z\u00e1pas o \u010das \u017e\u00e1ka ve \u0161kole. Budou u\u010ditel\u00e9 tla\u010deni Standardem k jednostrannosti, nebo jim pom\u016f\u017ee, aby si \u017e\u00e1k budoval v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed z v\u011bdomost\u00ed p\u0159iv\u00e1zan\u00fdch k dovednostem a postoj\u016fm?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>U\u017e l\u00e9ta se sna\u017e\u00edm, aby se &#8222;standardem&#8220; m\u00ednilo &#8222;standardn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jist\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b \u017e\u00e1kovy pr\u00e1ce&#8220;. Ostatn\u011b mi p\u0159ipomn\u011bl Vladim\u00edr V\u00e1clav\u00edk v diskusi na http: http:\/\/diskuze.rvp.cz\/viewtopic.php?f=101&amp;t=21765&amp;sid=528826ffc481f0192b37903f56c31157&amp;start=60 D\u00edky mu za to, j\u00e1 na to s\u00e1m u\u017e zapomn\u011bl! A &#8222;standardn\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220; znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zku\u0161en\u00ed, informovan\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci, hlavn\u011b u\u010ditel\u00e9 d\u011bt\u00ed, spole\u010dn\u011b dohodnou a vyvinou p\u0159edstavu toho, jak vypad\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce \u017e\u00e1ka [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/73"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=265"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":267,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265\/revisions\/267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}