<\/p>\n
Nejen u\u010ditel\u00e9, ale i nakladatel\u00e9 u\u010debnic pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro dobrou pr\u00e1ci a dobr\u00fd odbyt kvalitn\u00edch u\u010debnic.<\/p>\n
Nemoct koupit pro \u017e\u00e1ky lep\u0161\u00ed u\u010debnici, kdy\u017e ta dosavadn\u00ed u\u017e prok\u00e1zala svou zastaralost nebo nepou\u017eitelnost, je tristn\u00ed. Vyv\u00edjet lep\u0161\u00ed u\u010debnice, kdy\u017e je miziv\u00e1 nad\u011bje, \u017ee si je dost \u0161kol koup\u00ed, je Sysifova pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n
Ministeri\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed na nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b se v\u0161ak net\u00fdk\u00e1 jen n\u00e1kup\u016f u\u010debnic, ale u\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00edm a hlavn\u011b nad t\u00edm profesn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a profesn\u00edho rozvoje u\u010ditel\u016f. Ani dobr\u00e1 u\u010debnice neud\u011bl\u00e1 dobrou v\u00fduku, kdy\u017e bude u\u010ditel nesamostatn\u00fd, nen\u00e1padit\u00fd, nevybaven\u00fd profesn\u011b.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A M\u0160MT doposud v\u017edy znemo\u017e\u0148ovalo v\u00fdvoj n\u011bjak\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu profesn\u00edho rozvoje u\u010ditel\u016f \u2013 z n\u011bho\u017e by pak mohla vyplynout i jasn\u011b vymezen\u00e1 role a pot\u0159ebnost u\u010debnic.<\/p>\n
Kdyby b\u00fdvala reforma kurikula prov\u00e1d\u011bna od po\u010d\u00e1tku s n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00fdm ohledem na stav u\u010ditelstva a s \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem, vypl\u00fdvalo by dnes zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a obsah u\u010debnic ze vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch program\u016f. Je to v\u0161ak po\u0159\u00e1d sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak: nakonec je to u\u010debnice, co rozhoduje o c\u00edl\u00edch, o zp\u016fsobu i o obsahu v\u00fduky. To je v\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9! A je to \u0161patn\u011b i tehdy, kdy\u017e se na trhu objev\u00ed relativn\u011b p\u011bkn\u00e1, promy\u0161len\u00e1 u\u010debnice s dobrou u\u017eivatelskou podporou \u2013 je jen jednou z mnoha, a pou\u017e\u00edt ji dok\u00e1\u017eou pr\u00e1v\u011b zas jen u\u010ditel\u00e9 schopn\u00ed se u\u010dit a zdokonalovat svou pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n
\u010cesk\u00fd celkov\u011b nefunk\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed se ned\u00e1 zachra\u0148ovat \u017e\u00e1dnou jednotlivinou: ani pouh\u00fdm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm plat\u016f, ani t\u0159eba zlep\u0161en\u00fdm financov\u00e1n\u00edm u\u010debnic. To jsou jen dal\u0161\u00ed nesyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 postupy. U\u010ditel\u00e9 a jejich p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9-rodi\u010de \u017e\u00e1k\u016f by m\u011bli spole\u010dn\u011b tla\u010dit na to, aby byla v profesn\u00ed komunit\u011b u\u010ditel\u016f vytvo\u0159ena jasn\u00e1 perspektiva a mechanismy profesn\u00edho rozvoje u\u010ditel\u016f, spojen\u00e9ho s platov\u00fdm postupem a se zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm optim\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek k pr\u00e1ci u\u010ditele a u\u010den\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed. A\u017e v tom pak bude mo\u017en\u00e9 doj\u00edt k rozumn\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru o podob\u011b, tvorb\u011b a n\u00e1kupech u\u010debnic.<\/p>\n
Pro\u010d se neup\u00ednat k u\u010debnici jako sp\u00e1se?<\/strong><\/p>\n Role u\u010debnic ve v\u00fduce je slo\u017eena z v\u00edce slo\u017eek. U\u010ditelovi m\u016f\u017ee dobr\u00e1 u\u010debnice slou\u017eit n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby, a jeden u\u010ditel m\u00e1 obvykle trochu jin\u00e9 pot\u0159eby ne\u017e druh\u00fd. Mnoz\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 v\u016fbec nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed u\u010debnice, a to co d\u011blaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e si hledaj\u00ed, kop\u00edruj\u00ed, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed, tisknou sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly pro sv\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky, to nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u201ekompilov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, n\u00fdbr\u017e tvorba. Ani autory dobr\u00fdch u\u010debnic bych nenazval kompil\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n U\u010debnice m\u016f\u017ee u\u010diteli usnadnit <\/strong>vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpravu materi\u00e1l\u016f ke studiu pro \u017e\u00e1ky ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btu \u2013 ale ov\u0161em \u017e\u00e1ci ani v jedn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b nejsou stejn\u00ed, tak\u017ee u\u010ditel obvykle pot\u0159ebuje i nad dobrou u\u010debnic\u00ed d\u00e1l diferencovat. I kdy\u017e u\u010debnice nab\u00edzej\u00ed vedle z\u00e1kladn\u00edch i \u201enadstandardn\u00ed \u00falohy\u201c, jen m\u00e1lo z nich nab\u00edz\u00ed i nadstandardn\u00ed v\u00fdklady nebo dokonce badatelsk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Pro substandardn\u00ed zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e1tky n\u011bkter\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1kem bude u\u010ditel mo\u017en\u00e1 muset s\u00e1hnout do jin\u00e9 u\u010debnice \u2013 z minul\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edku. Pot\u0159eba kombinovat zdroje, a tak\u00e9 inovovat texty a podn\u011bty nav\u00edc neplyne jen z rozmanit\u00e9 vysp\u011blosti \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, ale i z toho, \u017ee u\u010ditel pot\u0159ebuje s\u00e1m pro sebe nov\u00e9 podn\u011bty, aby ho u\u010ditelstv\u00ed nenudilo a neub\u00edjelo.<\/p>\n Slab\u00e9ho u\u010ditele ov\u0161em u\u010debnice vede <\/strong>\u2013 a kdy\u017e je dobr\u00e1, sv\u00fdm veden\u00edm ho odvede od \u0161patn\u00e9 v\u00fduky, kterou by vymyslel s\u00e1m bez pomoci. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem mohou b\u00fdt ot\u00e1zky kladen\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm. V\u011bt\u0161ina u\u010debnic, pokud je nab\u00edz\u00ed, obsahuje ot\u00e1zky \u201eu\u010debnicov\u011b kontroln\u00ed\u201c, nudn\u00e9, odrazuj\u00edc\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9mu um\u011bn\u00ed kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky se slab\u00fd u\u010ditel ani dobrou sadou ot\u00e1zek, t\u0159ebas k textu liter\u00e1rn\u00edmu, nenau\u010d\u00ed. Slab\u00fd u\u010ditel dob\u0159e u\u010dit nebude ani podle dobr\u00e9 u\u010debnice, to si nenamlouvejme. Bude to d\u011blat mechanicky. Dobr\u00e1 v\u00fduka nen\u00ed jen dobr\u00fd sled dob\u0159e vybran\u00fdch \u00faloh, ale hlavn\u011b je to dobr\u00e9 veden\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem my\u0161len\u00ed, t\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed \u2013 v\u011bdomost\u00ed i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dovednost\u00ed a postoj\u016f.<\/p>\n To, co by pomohlo \u010desk\u00fdm u\u010ditel\u016fm v\u00edc ne\u017e u\u010debnice, by byly dobr\u00e9 programy<\/strong> v\u00fduky <\/strong>ur\u010dit\u00fdch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch oblast\u00ed v jejich oboru. \u201eOblasti\u201c nejsou \u201et\u00e9mata\u201c! Oblast\u00ed mysleme n\u011bco, \u010deho m\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1k dos\u00e1hnout: v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b stejn\u011b jako v dal\u0161\u00edch pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011btech to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u0159eba pr\u00e1v\u011b to kladen\u00ed ot\u00e1zek, nebo mluven\u00e9 vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo psan\u00ed pro p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely, nebo odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159iv\u00fdch z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f autora textu, atp. Takov\u00fdch u\u010debnic by ov\u0161em um\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat jen u\u010ditel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed tu tradi\u010dn\u00ed u\u010debnici, je\u017e se rovn\u00e1 osnov\u00e1m p\u0159edm\u011btu napln\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fadaji a pou\u010dkami.<\/p>\n Kdybychom cht\u011bli, aby u\u010ditel\u00e9 ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b l\u00e9pe sestaven\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny v\u00fduky, programy pro sv\u016fj vyu\u010dovac\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt, museli bychom vytv\u00e1\u0159et takov\u00e9 programy ve spolupr\u00e1ci s praktiky, ale i s ohledem na soudob\u00e9 poznatky o procesech u\u010den\u00ed a v\u00fduky. U\u010debnice by mohly b\u00fdt knihami, kter\u00e9 by program\u016fm slou\u017eily. Ale dokud budou u\u010debnice m\u00edt za \u00fakol b\u00fdt u\u010debnic\u00ed na cel\u00fd \u201ep\u0159edm\u011bt\u201c, tedy budou m\u00edt za \u00fakol pokr\u00fdt v\u0161ecka mo\u017en\u00e1 t\u00e9mata a c\u00edle a pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 postupy v\u00fduky, nem\u016f\u017eou dob\u0159e fungovat v rukou a v hlav\u011b \u017e\u00e1ka ani jeho u\u010ditele.<\/p>\n Mus\u00edme jist\u011b b\u00fdt i realist\u00e9 <\/strong>\u2013 v dne\u0161n\u00ed situaci s dne\u0161n\u00edm v\u011bkov\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem u\u010ditelstva, s \u00farovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy nov\u00fdch u\u010ditel\u016f na fakult\u00e1ch si nem\u016f\u017eeme d\u011blat iluze o optim\u00e1ln\u00edch pom\u011brech ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Rozumn\u011b a vtipn\u011b sepsan\u00e1 u\u010debnice sice pom\u016f\u017ee mnoha \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm k tomu, aby je \u0161kola neodradila od u\u010den\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na cel\u00fd \u017eivot. Mnoha u\u010ditel\u016fm umo\u017en\u00ed takov\u00e1 u\u010debnice p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt neut\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 podm\u00ednky ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed aspo\u0148 t\u00edm, \u017ee z nich sejme b\u0159emeno sh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed dobr\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f do v\u00fduky. Ale opakuji: dokud nem\u00e1 \u0161kolstv\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dnou vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politiku, strategick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a hlavn\u011b, dokud se ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u010cR neza\u010dnou zaj\u00edmat o vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, dotud je marn\u00e9 a neefektivn\u00ed bojovat o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pom\u011br\u016f v n\u011bkter\u00e9 izolovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu, <\/strong>nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1v\u011b u u\u010debnic, nebo t\u0159ebas v oboru test\u016f a maturit, nebo p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00edm dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch \u201ep\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f\u201c do RVP.<\/span><\/p>\n \n \n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nejen u\u010ditel\u00e9, ale i nakladatel\u00e9 u\u010debnic pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro dobrou pr\u00e1ci a dobr\u00fd odbyt kvalitn\u00edch u\u010debnic. Nemoct koupit pro \u017e\u00e1ky lep\u0161\u00ed u\u010debnici, kdy\u017e ta dosavadn\u00ed u\u017e prok\u00e1zala svou zastaralost nebo nepou\u017eitelnost, je tristn\u00ed. Vyv\u00edjet lep\u0161\u00ed u\u010debnice, kdy\u017e je miziv\u00e1 nad\u011bje, \u017ee si je dost \u0161kol koup\u00ed, je Sysifova pr\u00e1ce. Ministeri\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed na nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/73"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":155,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153\/revisions\/155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/ireneus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}