{"id":1653,"date":"2023-09-03T16:36:13","date_gmt":"2023-09-03T14:36:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/?p=1653"},"modified":"2023-09-17T15:55:33","modified_gmt":"2023-09-17T13:55:33","slug":"vyuka-soudobych-dejin-ucebnice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/2023\/09\/03\/vyuka-soudobych-dejin-ucebnice\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fduka soudob\u00fdch d\u011bjin. Jak na soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny? N\u011bkolik pozn\u00e1mek k u\u010debnici"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Text se zam\u011b\u0159uje na dv\u011b u\u010debnice soudob\u00fdch d\u011bjin. Jedna je francouzsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e1, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la v&nbsp;roce 2006\/2007 spolu s&nbsp;materi\u00e1ly na CD-ROM a je ur\u010dena st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016fm v&nbsp;N\u011bmecku a ve Francii. Druhou je \u010desk\u00e1 u\u010debnice Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la v&nbsp;roce 2022 v&nbsp;ucelen\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b: u\u010debnice-pracovn\u00ed se\u0161it-p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro u\u010ditele. Je ur\u010dena pro 9. ro\u010dn\u00edk. Tato anal\u00fdza nen\u00ed ucelen\u00e1 a komplexn\u00ed, ale zam\u011b\u0159uje se na n\u011bkter\u00e9 aspekty, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u011b ve vztahu d\u011bjepisn\u00e9 a zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 u\u010divo. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na pou\u017eit\u00e9 pojmy \u201ekrajina\u201c, \u201em\u00edsto\u201c, \u201edomov\u201c, \u201evzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z&nbsp;konceptu m\u00edsta\u201c, \u201evzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na hodnoty\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/Trosky-800x428.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/Trosky-800x428.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/Trosky-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/Trosky-768x411.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/Trosky.jpg 993w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Pohled na Trosky od Koz\u00e1kova (vlastn\u00ed;  po\u0159\u00edzeno 28.12.2022)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e9ma <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/em> obecn\u011b je v&nbsp;sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fduce d\u011bjepisu \u010dasto zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 v&nbsp;diskusi o reform\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Objevuj\u00ed se tato tvrzen\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159edsudky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u011bjepis se u\u010d\u00ed popisn\u011b a pam\u011btn\u011b<\/li><li>\u017d\u00e1ci se v&nbsp;hodin\u00e1ch d\u011bjepisu neu\u010d\u00ed vyhled\u00e1vat informace, t\u0159\u00eddit je a interpretovat je<\/li><li>V\u00fduka d\u011bjepisu \u010dasto kon\u010d\u00ed rokem 1945\/1948. U\u010ditel\u00e9 \u010dasto mluv\u00ed o tom, \u017ee na v\u00fduku nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u011bjin chyb\u00ed \u010das (je mal\u00e1 hodinov\u00e1 dotace)<\/li><li>V\u00fduka d\u011bjepisu je zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 jedn\u00edm pohledem \u2013 zjednodu\u0161en\u011b; v&nbsp;n\u00e1slednosti &#8211; fakta, jejich jednostrann\u00fd v\u00fdklad a \u0161ablonovit\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Takov\u00fdch bod\u016f by bylo jist\u011b v\u00edce, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd obraz p\u0159edm\u011btu ve ve\u0159ejnosti. Man\u011b mn\u011b vytane na mysli zku\u0161enost vnuka v&nbsp;5. t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, jak se u\u010d\u00ed zpam\u011bti jm\u00e9na \u010desk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f jako telefonn\u00ed seznam. Ale uv\u011bdomuji si, \u017ee bez konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce u\u010ditele se takov\u00e1 v\u00fduka obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b, a asi i chybn\u011b, posuzuje.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U\u010debnice d\u011bjepisu jsou letit\u00fdm sporem ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Jako startovac\u00ed bod je mo\u017en\u00e9 zvolit sborn\u00edk z <strong>prvn\u00ed konference Rady Evropy<\/strong> na t\u00e9ma \u201e<strong>u\u010debnice d\u011bjepisu\u201c z&nbsp;roku 1953<\/strong> (dostupn\u00e9:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/history-teaching\/history-textbooks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/history-teaching\/history-textbooks<\/a>), ve kter\u00e9m se varovalo p\u0159ed zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm propagandy evropsk\u00e9 jednoty, ale upozor\u0148ovalo se a zd\u016fraz\u0148ovalo se vyvarov\u00e1n\u00ed a <strong>odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch chyb a p\u0159edsudk\u016f<\/strong>. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b se poukazovalo na pot\u0159ebu vyhnout se jak\u00e9mukoli v\u00fdkladu historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, kter\u00fd by se mohl pou\u017e\u00edt, mo\u017en\u00e1 a\u017e zneu\u017e\u00edt. v zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm z\u00e1jmu jednoho st\u00e1tu nebo kter\u00fd by mohl naru\u0161it p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 vztahy mezi n\u00e1rody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 prvn\u00ed konference o d\u011bjepisn\u00fdch u\u010debnic\u00edch, kter\u00e1 se konala v&nbsp;z\u00e1padon\u011bmeck\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Calw, se shodli na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 v dal\u0161\u00edch letech rozv\u00edjeli:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>nutnost zav\u00e9st my\u0161lenku Evropy do v\u00fduky d\u011bjepisu;<\/li><li>d\u016fle\u017eitost pozn\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti pro pochopen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti;<\/li><li>odklon od \u201e<em>v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b politick\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f a naopak zac\u00edlit s n\u00e1le\u017eitou v\u00e1hou na kulturn\u00ed fakta, ekonomick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my, hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenkov\u00e9 proudy a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 elementy<\/em>\u201c;<\/li><li><strong>rozv\u00edjet kritickou schopnost \u017e\u00e1k\u016f porozum\u011bt a pochopit probl\u00e9m z r\u016fzn\u00fdch stran<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nejd\u00e1le v&nbsp;Evrop\u011b, pota\u017emo v&nbsp;EU, pokud jde o spole\u010dnou u\u010debnici d\u011bjepisu, pokro\u010dili n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed a francouz\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci na historick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159ili u\u010debnici pro st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ky (edito\u0159i Le Quintreca &amp; Geisse, 2006) s&nbsp;titulem \u201e<strong><em>Histoire\/Geschichte Europa und die Welt seit 1945<\/em><\/strong>\u201c (D\u011bjiny Evropy a sv\u011bta po roce 1945). V&nbsp;\u201e<em>\u00davodu<\/em>\u201c (str. 6) auto\u0159i \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed (vlastn\u00ed p\u0159eklad, vlastn\u00ed zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201e<em>Kniha nen\u00ed prezentac\u00ed francouzsko-n\u011bmeck\u00fdch d\u011bjin, ale je n\u011bmecko-francouzskou d\u011bjepisnou knihou (u\u010debnic\u00ed), kter\u00e1, i kdy\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v souladu s kurikuly platn\u00fdmi v obou zem\u00edch, usiluje o jejich p\u0159esah prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zcela nov\u00e9ho typu prezentace, dokumentace a v\u00fdkladu; umo\u017e\u0148uje nahl\u00ed\u017eet na historii z <strong>pohledu druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka<\/strong><\/em>.\u201c <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zd\u016fraz\u0148uji, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z&nbsp;v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho pohledu, co \u010dlov\u011bk \u201em\u00e1 v&nbsp;hlav\u011b\u201c a jak ten obsah interpretuje, ne\u017e co je \u201ena pap\u00ed\u0159e\u201c. Nejen ten obsah, ale i jak\u00fd v\u00fdznam ten obsah, pom\u011b\u0159ovan\u00fd osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed a osobn\u00edm hodnotov\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm jedince, je ve v\u00fduce d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. A je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jak v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u017e\u00e1ka, tak v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u010ditele, tak i v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jedinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed o historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti sv\u011bdectv\u00ed \u2013 akt\u00e9\u0159i doby, kte\u0159\u00ed referuj\u00ed o ud\u00e1lostech subjektivn\u011b, a je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, koho tito akt\u00e9\u0159i reprezentuj\u00ed. Je rozd\u00edl, zda se jedn\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad o starostu obce, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka s&nbsp;region\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u016fsobnost\u00ed, majitele firmy nebo rodi\u010de \u010di prarodi\u010de \u010di jin\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho nebo zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd takovou funkc\u00ed nedisponoval a pro\u017e\u00edval historickou ud\u00e1lost \u010di ud\u00e1losti v&nbsp;popisu ka\u017edodennosti jak zajistit pro sebe a sv\u00e9 \u010dleny rodiny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u017eivobyt\u00ed (j\u00eddlo, oble\u010den\u00ed, bydlen\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed pro d\u011bti).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;textu na CD-ROM (Bernlochner, et al., 2007) v&nbsp;Kapitole 1 s n\u00e1zvem \u201e<em>Flucht und Vertreibung\u201c (\u00dat\u011bk a vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/em> (str. 6) se objevuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u017eeny, kter\u00e1 s&nbsp;man\u017eelem byla odsunuta \/ vyhn\u00e1na z&nbsp;\u00fazem\u00ed (ze sv\u00e9ho domova). Mluv\u00edm o n\u00e1sledc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaly z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed na Postupimsk\u00e1 konference z&nbsp;p\u0159elomu \u010dervence a srpna 1945 (vlastn\u00ed p\u0159eklad):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201e<em>M\u016fj man\u017eel byl v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd invalida a v \u010dervnu 1946 byl propu\u0161t\u011bn ze zajet\u00ed a my jsme se ocitli zde na tomto m\u00edst\u011b zcela bez prost\u0159edk\u016f. Doma jsme nechali ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u00faspory a cel\u00fd majetek ve v\u00fd\u0161i 112&nbsp;000 \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdch marek. Ani j\u00e1 a ni man\u017eel jsme nikdy nebyli politicky aktivn\u00ed a vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed pova\u017eujeme za nelidsk\u00e9, proto\u017ee to z&nbsp;n\u00e1s ud\u011blalo \u017eebr\u00e1ky. Je to do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00ed nespravedlnost. Tou\u017e\u00edme se vr\u00e1tit do na\u0161\u00ed milovan\u00e9 vlasti a douf\u00e1m, \u017ee n\u00e1m bude vr\u00e1ceno na\u0161e ukraden\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.\u201c<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed v&nbsp;u\u010debnici informace, \u017ee v&nbsp;roce 1938 zabralo N\u011bmecko na z\u00e1klad\u011b Mnichovsk\u00e9 dohody Sudety, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b v&nbsp;roce 1945 op\u011bt vr\u00e1tily do obnoven\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro dokreslen\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00edm citaci z&nbsp;britsk\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu Bennett &amp; Smith (2020), ve kter\u00e9m je na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch 50 \u2013 68 publikovan\u00fd origin\u00e1ln\u00ed dokument <em>Protocol of Proceedeng of the Berlin Conference <\/em>z&nbsp;2. srpna 1945 a ozna\u010den\u00fd \u201e<em>Top Secret<\/em>\u201c. V&nbsp;\u010dl\u00e1nku XII. nadepsan\u00e9m <em>Transfer of the German population<\/em> se uv\u00e1d\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Tyto t\u0159i vl\u00e1dy <\/em>(m\u00edn\u011bny polsk\u00e1, \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1, ma\u010farsk\u00e1, pozn\u00e1mka JV)<em>, po zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed ot\u00e1zky ve v\u0161ech jej\u00edch aspektech, p\u0159ehodnotily <\/em>(sv\u00e9 postoje, JV)<em>, <\/em>(a souhlas\u00ed) <em>\u017ee bude t\u0159eba z&nbsp;Polska, z&nbsp;\u010ceskoslovenska a z&nbsp;Ma\u010farska prov\u00e9st p\u0159esun n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho obyvatelstva a jeho element\u016f do N\u011bmecka. Tyto vl\u00e1dy souhlas\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159esuny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm <\/em>(uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdm, organizovan\u00fdm, pozn\u00e1mka JV)<em> a hum\u00e1nn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.\u201c <\/em>(Bennett &amp; Smith, 2020, p. 66, vlastn\u00ed p\u0159eklad)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pozn.: Doporu\u010duji takto zpracovan\u00fd obsah srovnat s&nbsp;obsahem v u\u010debnici <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny <\/em>(Pinkas, a dal\u0161\u00ed, 2022a)<em>,<\/em> t\u00e9ma <em>Odsun \u2013 Vertreibung<\/em>. Konceptu domova se v\u011bnuji v&nbsp;tomto textu d\u00e1le.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;uveden\u00e9 st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00e9 n\u011bmecko-francouzsk\u00e9 u\u010debnici jsou veden\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed metody, jak s textem v&nbsp;u\u010debnici pracovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>vysv\u011btlit text<\/li><li>\u010d\u00edst a komentovat historick\u00e9 mapy<\/li><li>analyzovat statistick\u00e1 data<\/li><li>analyzovat karikaturu (obr\u00e1zek)<\/li><li>napsat esej<\/li><li>realizovat a prezentovat projekt<\/li><li>p\u0159ipravit a p\u0159edv\u00e9st strukturovanou prezentaci<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na CD-ROM jsou je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed metody, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed maturitn\u00ed zkou\u0161ky z d\u011bjepisu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>analyzovat tematicky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 dokumenty<\/li><li>interpretovat jeden zdroj<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;souvislosti s&nbsp;v\u00fdukou d\u011bjepisu ve Francii je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee tento v\u0161eobecn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt se u\u010d\u00ed ve spojen\u00ed s&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edm v\u0161eobecn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011btem, zem\u011bpisem. V&nbsp;t\u00e9to kombinaci (ve Francii jedin\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9) se tak\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed francouz\u0161t\u00ed u\u010ditel\u00e9 d\u011bjepisu a zem\u011bpisu. P\u0159edstavu o obsahu t\u011bchto p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v&nbsp;praktick\u00e9 podob\u011b prezentuje nap\u0159. u\u010debnice od autor\u016f Lambin, et al., 1990 pro 6. ro\u010dn\u00edk. V&nbsp;n\u00ed jsou historick\u00e1 t\u00e9mata od prvn\u00edho t\u00e9matu neolit a\u017e po posledn\u00ed 16. t\u00e9ma \u201eSt\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f\u201c nebo migrace lid\u00ed (fr. <em>Les Invasions<\/em>). Migrace, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaly na \u00fazem\u00ed Evropy a v&nbsp;p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch oblastech St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed koncem&nbsp;starov\u011bku&nbsp;a po\u010d\u00e1tkem&nbsp;st\u0159edov\u011bku.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;anal\u00fdze obsahu v\u00fdukov\u00e9ho obsahu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho a francouzsk\u00e9ho textu na CD-ROM lze naj\u00edt rozd\u00edly. N\u011bmeck\u00fd text nazvan\u00fd \u201e<em>Geschichte Europa und die Welt seit 1945<\/em>\u201c za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed obsah rokem 1945 a reflektuje obdob\u00ed do roku 1966, kdy se Francie st\u00e1hla z&nbsp;velitelsk\u00fdch struktur NATO. Francouzsk\u00fd text nazvan\u00fd \u201e<em>Manuel d\u2019Histoire franco-allemand<\/em>\u201c se v\u011bnuje koloni\u00e1ln\u00edmu obdob\u00ed od roku 1850 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do roku 1939. Obsah m\u00e1 nadpis \u201e<em>La colonisation europe\u00e9nne et le systeme colonial<\/em>\u201c. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed obsah otev\u00edr\u00e1 mapa sv\u011bta z&nbsp;roku 1939, na kter\u00e9 jsou mate\u0159sk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed zem\u011b, jejich kolonie a zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed vztah\u016f, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1mo\u017en\u00ed cesty. Uprost\u0159ed mapy sv\u011bta dominuje \u201erozparcelovan\u00e9\u201c \u00fazem\u00ed Afriky mezi mate\u0159sk\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. Afrika na sv\u016fj \u201erok 1960\u201c teprve \u010dek\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na CD-ROM auto\u0159i v\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9mu origin\u00e1lu Elysejsk\u00e9 smlouvy, kter\u00e1 byla podeps\u00e1na v&nbsp;roce 1963 n\u011bmeck\u00fdm kancl\u00e9\u0159em Dr. Konradem Adenaurem a francouzsk\u00fdm prezidentem gener\u00e1lem de Gaullem. Smlouva byla podeps\u00e1na v&nbsp;Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei. Text m\u00e1 slou\u017eit jako podklad k&nbsp;detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu studiu francouzsko-n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vztah\u016f, co\u017e je zv\u00fdrazn\u011bno \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f. Text smlouvy je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdukov\u00e9ho obsahu. V&nbsp;ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 u\u010debnici tento text uveden\u00fd nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Optikou v\u00fd\u0161e posuzovan\u00e9 n\u011bmecko-francouzsk\u00e9 d\u011bjepisn\u00e9 u\u010debnice se nyn\u00ed pod\u00edvejme na novou u\u010debnici od autor\u016f Pinkas, a dal\u0161\u00ed, <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/em>, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la v&nbsp;roce 2022a v&nbsp;nakladatelstv\u00ed Fraus. U\u010debnice se prezentuje jako badatelsk\u00e1 a m\u00e1 dolo\u017eku M\u0160MT na \u0161est let. Je ur\u010dena pro \u017e\u00e1ky 9. ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f Z\u0160 a v\u00edceleta gymn\u00e1zia a vy\u0161la v&nbsp;ucelen\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b, tj. u\u010debnice-pracovn\u00ed se\u0161it-p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro u\u010ditele. Je ur\u010dena mlad\u0161\u00edm \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, zat\u00edmco v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 n\u011bmecko-francouzsk\u00e1 d\u011bjepisn\u00e1 u\u010debnice je pro st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ky a maturanty. \u010cesk\u00e1 u\u010debnice vzbudila zv\u00fd\u0161enou pozornost, o \u010dem\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed vybran\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky na konci tohoto textu pod titulem \u201e<em>Vybran\u00e9 zdroje, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na vyd\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010debnice<\/em>.\u201c, kter\u00e9 byly dostupn\u00e9 ke konci srpna 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na \u00favod poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee tento m\u016fj text o <em>Sou\u010dasn\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch <\/em>(Pinkas, a dal\u0161\u00ed, 2022a,b,c) nen\u00ed re\u0161er\u0161\u00ed cel\u00e9ho obsahu, ani cel\u00e9 u\u010debnice a podp\u016frn\u00fdch knih, sp\u00ed\u0161 jde o kladen\u00ed si ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 vyvst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed textu u\u010debnice. Jde mn\u011b o v\u00fdznamov\u00fd p\u0159esah,&nbsp; sp\u00ed\u0161 o inter-disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed ne\u017e o intra-disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed vztah v obsahu. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b jde o zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed interdisciplinarity mezi d\u011bjepisem a zem\u011bpisem, jak je to koncipovan\u00e9 v&nbsp;knize \u201e<em>GeoHumanities. Art, history, test at the edge of place<\/em>\u201c (Dear, Ketchum, Luria, &amp; Richardson, 2011). V&nbsp;n\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00edklad prezentuj\u00ed koncepty jako je liter\u00e1rn\u00ed prostorovost nebo prostorov\u00e9 historie (zd\u016fraz\u0148uji plur\u00e1l).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zastavme se u za\u010d\u00e1tku u\u010debnice <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/em> (Pinkas, a dal\u0161\u00ed, 2022a, str\u00e1nky 4-5), kde auto\u0159i fotografi\u00ed Z\u00e1mku Jeze\u0159\u00ed dokumentuj\u00ed stav (sp\u00ed\u0161 ale v\u00fdsledek v\u00fdvoje) krajiny a pracuj\u00ed s&nbsp;pojmem \u201e<strong>krajina<\/strong>\u201c (srovnej s \u00favodn\u00edm obr\u00e1zkem &#8222;Pohled na Trosky&#8220; v \u00favodu tohoto textu). Pojem krajiny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed auto\u0159i u\u010debnice v&nbsp;\u010d\u00e1sti nadepsan\u00e9 \u201e<strong>Pro\u010d krajina?<\/strong>\u201c. Pot\u00ed\u017e v&nbsp;tomto kontextu je, \u017ee auto\u0159i k&nbsp;pojmu krajina p\u0159istupuj\u00ed \u201evoln\u011b\u201c. Pokud bychom substituovali pojem krajina v&nbsp;uveden\u00e9m textu pojmem \u201eobraz\u201c \u010di jin\u00fdm podobn\u00fdm pojmem, nic by to na v\u00fdznamu nezm\u011bnilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Obr\u00e1zek 1<\/strong> <em>Vybran\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed Mosteck\u00e9 p\u00e1nve, s vyzna\u010den\u00edm V\u00fdhledu na z\u00e1mek Jeze\u0159\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image-800x517.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1658\" width=\"595\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image-768x496.png 768w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image.png 944w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zdroj: mapy.cz (upraveno 25.8.2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Obr\u00e1zek 2<\/strong> <em>Star\u00e1 mapa vybran\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed Mosteck\u00e9 p\u00e1nve z II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, tzv. Franti\u0161kovo (1819 \u2013 1858)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/II_vojenske_map.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1661\" width=\"603\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/II_vojenske_map.jpg 604w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/II_vojenske_map-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zdroj: II. vojensk\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed; in: mapy.cz (upraveno 26.8.2023, vlo\u017eeny 4 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u2013 \u010desk\u00e9 &#8211; n\u00e1zvy m\u00edst)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Pozn\u00e1mka<\/em>: Markantn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem mezi mapami na Obr\u00e1zku 1 a 2 je absence \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b na star\u00e9 map\u011b. Markantn\u00ed je tak\u00e9 rozd\u00edl ve vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f v&nbsp;\u00fazem\u00ed. Na star\u00e9 map\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o tzv. Lehman\u016fv syst\u00e9m, v&nbsp;n\u011bm\u017e byl ter\u00e9m zn\u00e1zor\u0148ov\u00e1n \u0161rafov\u00e1n\u00edm (Tich\u00fd &amp; \u0160vec, 1965, str. 299). V&nbsp;tomto syst\u00e9mu plat\u00ed pravidlo \u2013 \u010d\u00edm strm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ter\u00e9n, t\u00edm tmav\u0161\u00ed je jeho zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;u\u010debnici <em>Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/em> auto\u0159i krom\u011b pojmu \u201ekrajina\u201c benevolentn\u011b vsazuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pojmy, jako jsou  \u201e<strong>pozad\u00ed<\/strong>\u201c a \u201e<strong>prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong>\u201c. Krajina a prost\u0159ed\u00ed maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v&nbsp;prostorov\u00e9m \/ geografick\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V&nbsp;USA od 60. let je ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pozornost v\u011bnovan\u00e1 obran\u011b a ochran\u011b (\u017eivotn\u00edho) prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a tento koncept se dostal i do geografick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;\u010ceskoslovensku na konci 70. let. &nbsp;V tomto kontextu jsou definovan\u00e9 dv\u011b kvality krajiny: p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed. <strong>P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed krajina<\/strong> jako \u010dlov\u011bkem nenaru\u0161en\u00e1. <strong>Kulturn\u00ed krajina<\/strong> se rozli\u0161ovala na <strong>degradovanou<\/strong> (naru\u0161enou) pod vlivem \u010dinnosti \u010dlov\u011bka. Pokud v\u0161ak \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159estane na degradovanou krajinu p\u016fsobit, krajina je schopna se (samovoln\u00fdmi) p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi procesy zregenerovat \/ obnovit. <strong>Devastovan\u00e1 <\/strong>krajina je &nbsp;v\u00fdsledkem obrovsk\u00e9ho (devastuj\u00edc\u00edho) z\u00e1sahu \u010dlov\u011bka do krajiny, kdy p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed procesy ji\u017e nesta\u010d\u00ed na regeneraci. Mus\u00ed pomoc \u010dlov\u011bk, a to se zna\u010dn\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1klady. To je typ krajiny, kter\u00e1 je zobrazena pr\u00e1v\u011b v&nbsp;t\u00e9to u\u010debnici na str. 4 a 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Koncept \u201ekulturn\u00ed krajina\u201c &nbsp;se v&nbsp;\u010ceskoslovensku postupn\u011b posouval z&nbsp;\u010dist\u011b z p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pohledu, kdy odborn\u00edci na krajinu se zab\u00fdvali \u201e\u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm\u201c (tradi\u010dn\u011b krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd). Pozd\u011bji n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci se posunuli ve sv\u00e9m zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed studia krajiny a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k&nbsp;propojen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho se soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u2013 mohli bychom zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159\u00edci ekologick\u00fd. Tento posun je mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt nap\u0159\u00edklad u Librov\u00e9 (1987) v&nbsp;publikaci nazvan\u00e9 <em>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159eba a hodnota krajiny<\/em>. Britsk\u00fd autor Mike Crang (1998) studoval ve sv\u00e9 knize krajinu z&nbsp;kulturn\u00edch aspekt\u016f (lid\u00e9 a \u010das, symbolick\u00e1 krajina, liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krajina a dal\u0161\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pojem \u201ekrajina\u201c je definovan\u00fd v&nbsp;<strong>\u00damluv\u011b Rady Evropy o krajin\u011b<\/strong> z&nbsp;20. \u0159\u00edjna 2000 (dostupn\u00e9 v&nbsp;\u010desk\u00e9m jazyce na port\u00e1lu \u010desk\u00e9ho Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed: (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mzp.cz\/C1257458002F0DC7\/cz\/umluva_rady_evropy_krajina\/$FILE\/OOOPK_umluva_o_krajine_text_cj_20210815.pdf\">https:\/\/www.mzp.cz\/C1257458002F0DC7\/cz\/umluva_rady_evropy_krajina\/$FILE\/OOOPK_umluva_o_krajine_text_cj_20210815.pdf<\/a>; dostupn\u00e9 25.8.2023). Definice zn\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>\u201e&#8220;krajina&#8220; <\/em>(angl<em>. landscape<\/em>, pozn\u00e1mka JV) <em>znamen\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed, tak jak je vn\u00edm\u00e1na lidmi, jej\u00ed\u017e charakter je v\u00fdsledkem \u010dinnosti a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch a\/nebo lidsk\u00fdch faktor\u016f<\/em>\u201c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Definice krajiny je tedy \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e tomu bylo v&nbsp;dob\u011b \u201eochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u201c. Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch faktor\u016f, jde i o faktory lidsk\u00e9, jak je prezentuj\u00ed auto\u0159i u\u010debnice. Z&nbsp;\u201e\u00damluvy o krajin\u011b\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uji tak\u00e9 pojem \u201e<strong>vn\u00edm\u00e1na<\/strong> k\u00fdm\u201c v&nbsp;anglick\u00e9m jazyce \u201e<em>percieved by<\/em>\u201c. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, vn\u00edm\u00e1na smysly (nap\u0159. vid\u011bna na fotografii). Av\u0161ak v&nbsp;kulturn\u00edm pojet\u00ed jde o v\u00fdznamy, tj. jak je krajina nejen \u201e<strong>ch\u00e1p\u00e1na<\/strong>\u201c, ale jak je \u201e<strong>reprezentov\u00e1na<\/strong>\u201c. A v&nbsp;tomto smyslu je pak vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt<strong> koncept \u201em\u00edsta \/ place<\/strong>\u201c. V\u00edce o tomto konceptu V\u00e1vra (2010) v&nbsp;\u010dl\u00e1nku \u201e<em>Jedinec a m\u00edsto, jedinec v&nbsp;m\u00edst\u011b, jedinec prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00edsta<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V&nbsp;u\u010debnici <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny <\/em>pojem \u201e<strong>m\u00edsto\u201c<\/strong> nen\u00ed vysv\u011btlen ani v&nbsp;Kapitole nazvan\u00e9 \u201e<em>Jak d\u011bjiny utv\u00e1\u0159ely m\u00edsto, kde \u017eijeme<\/em>\u201c (str 86 a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed). Je nutn\u00e9 uv\u00e9st, \u017ee v&nbsp;RVP ZV (Je\u0159\u00e1bek &amp; Tup\u00fd, 2017 a upraven\u00fd dokument z&nbsp;ledna 2021) je v&nbsp;kurikulu pro 1. stupe\u0148 ZV ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm oboru <em>\u010clov\u011bk a jeho sv\u011bt<\/em> (\u010cJS) uvedeno t\u00e9ma \u201e<em>M\u00edsto, kde \u017eijeme<\/em>\u201c, kde centr\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdznamem je bydli\u0161t\u011b a \u0161kola. Prvn\u00edm o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm v\u00fdstupem v&nbsp;RVP ZV v&nbsp;tomto vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm oboru, kter\u00fd je definovan\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>\u010cJS-3-1-01 <\/em>(\u017e\u00e1k, pozn\u00e1mka JV) <em>vyzna\u010d\u00ed v jednoduch\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu m\u00edsto sv\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b a \u0161koly, cestu na ur\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edsto a rozli\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00edmto definov\u00e1n\u00edm se \u201ev\u00fdchovn\u00fd\u201c, l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno hodnotov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l \u201em\u00edsta\u201c v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje a redukuje na polohu v&nbsp;prostoru, v&nbsp;\u00fazem\u00ed, v plo\u0161e. P\u0159itom mal\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b je schopno nakreslit obr\u00e1zek, co kolem sebe vid\u00ed \u2013 sv\u00fdma o\u010dima! Bohu\u017eel \u201em\u00edsto\u201c jako um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v&nbsp;prostoru je ch\u00e1pan\u00e9 v&nbsp;cel\u00e9m kurikulu pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b auto\u0159i u\u010debnice <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/em> poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, jedinec se identifikuje s&nbsp;m\u00edstem (uvedu nap\u0159. s domovem, sousedstv\u00edm, s&nbsp;lok\u00e1ln\u00ed komunitou) a dod\u00e1v\u00e1m i \u0161\u00ed\u0159eji s region\u00e1ln\u00ed komunitou, s&nbsp;ob\u010danstv\u00edm (identita se st\u00e1tem, identita s&nbsp;n\u00e1rodem, s kontinentem). V\u00edce je mo\u017en\u00e9 se o konceptu m\u00edsta dozv\u011bd\u011bt nap\u0159\u00edklad od autora Tima Cresswella (2004) nebo o konceptu domova (<em>home<\/em>) od autorek Blunt &amp; Dowling (2006). Pr\u00e1v\u011b <strong>koncept m\u00edsta (domova)<\/strong> by bylo vhodn\u00e9 &nbsp;pou\u017e\u00edvat ve v\u00fduce (nejen d\u011bjepisn\u00e9) &nbsp;nap\u0159\u00edklad s&nbsp;n\u00e1siln\u00fdm vyst\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00edm \/ vyhn\u00e1n\u00edm po Mnichovsk\u00e9 dohod\u011b, v&nbsp;pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m odsunu \/ vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed, vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed \/ vyst\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed majitel\u016f ze zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy a z&nbsp;jejich usedlost\u00ed (domova) b\u011bhem a po kolektivizaci (s dopady do \u010desk\u00e9ho venkovsk\u00e9ho komunitn\u00edho \u017eivota), vyst\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed z&nbsp;domov\u016f jako n\u00e1sledek otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed \/ roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed uheln\u00fdch dol\u016f, stav\u011bn\u00ed megastaveb vodn\u00edch d\u011bl, a dal\u0161\u00ed. V&nbsp;u\u010debnici je to prob\u00edr\u00e1no sp\u00ed\u0161e popisn\u011b v&nbsp;t\u00e9matu \u201eOdsun \u2013 Vertreibung, str. 54 \u2013 55). Pojmy domov a rodina &nbsp;jsou siln\u011b a hluboko zakotveny v&nbsp;rodinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se v&nbsp;\u010desk\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed ji\u017e do t\u0159et\u00ed a \u010dtvrt\u00e9 generace. &nbsp;Av\u0161ak na druhou stranu je nutn\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomovat i zna\u010dnou intimitu (zranitelnost nositel\u016f) &nbsp;tohoto konceptu m\u00edsta jak pro \u017e\u00e1ka tak pro jeho (i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed) rodinu, kter\u00e1 byla a je \u201ezkou\u0161ena\u201c v&nbsp;\u010dase. V&nbsp;tomto sm\u011bru je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt metodiky z \u201eor\u00e1ln\u00ed historie\u201c jak s&nbsp;t\u011bmito informacemi nakl\u00e1dat, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b je anonymizovat a pou\u017e\u00edvat je v&nbsp;anonymizovan\u00e9 podob\u011b, tak jak to pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed auto\u0159i u\u010debnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Koncept m\u00edsta je siln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro pochopen\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed a postoj\u016f druh\u00e9ho. Mluv\u00edm o konceptu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9m na m\u00edst\u011b (<em>place-based learning \/ education<\/em>). V&nbsp;\u010cesku se tomtu t\u00e9matu v\u011bnuj\u00ed v&nbsp;environment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fduce nap\u0159\u00edklad Broukalov\u00e1 &amp; Nov\u00e1k (prosinec 2011) a \/ nebo \u010cin\u010dera, Vale\u0161ov\u00e1, K\u0159epelkov\u00e1, Simonov\u00e1, &amp; Kroufek (2019), v&nbsp;zahrani\u010d\u00ed to jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad Smith (2002) a \/ nebo Sobel (2004, 2005). V&nbsp;takov\u00e9 v\u00fduce jde o to, prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u017e\u00e1ky hodnotov\u00fdmi slo\u017eitostmi a nau\u010dit je &nbsp;orientovat se, pochopit a diskutovat tuto hodnotovou slo\u017eitost tak, jak to um\u011bj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 v&nbsp;N\u011bmecku, kdy\u017e mluv\u00ed o nacistick\u00e9 minulosti. A uplat\u0148ovat u \u017e\u00e1k\u016f jejich osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enost (vlastn\u00ed, z&nbsp;rodiny, z&nbsp;m\u00edstn\u00ed komunity). Pozorovatel m\u016f\u017ee rozli\u0161ovat r\u016fznou \u00farove\u0148 ukotven\u00ed \/ zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00ed venkovsk\u00fdch komunit v m\u00edst\u011b \u2013 jak opravuj\u00ed \/ upravuj\u00ed sv\u016fj ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prostor, jak opravuj\u00ed kostel, bo\u017e\u00ed muka ve voln\u00e9 krajin\u011b, jak obnovuj\u00ed rem\u00edzky, aleje, a dal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Obr\u00e1zek 3<\/strong> <em>Sousedy restaurovan\u00e1 trafostanice se zm\u011bnou funkce &#8211; vyhl\u00eddka a muzeum<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"593\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/Trafostanice.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1665\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/Trafostanice.jpg 593w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/Trafostanice-259x300.jpg 259w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zdroj: vlastn\u00ed, osada Jane\u010dek, Semily, 26.8..2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Obr\u00e1zek 4<\/strong> <em>Informa\u010dn\u00ed tabulka Vyhl\u00eddky na Jane\u010dku<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image-1-800x356.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1666\" width=\"582\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image-1-800x356.png 800w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image-1-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image-1-768x342.png 768w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/files\/2023\/09\/image-1.png 945w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zdroj: vlastn\u00ed, 26.8.2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro d\u011bjepis je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 osa, na rozd\u00edl od zem\u011bpisu, kde se klade d\u016fraz na prostor \/ prostorovost. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let byla v&nbsp;\u010ceskoslovensku publikovan\u00e1 <em>Velk\u00e1 n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e1 mapa sv\u011btov\u00fdch d\u011bjin (Hull, 1992 \/ 1988)<\/em>, kter\u00e1 snad poprv\u00e9 umo\u017enila \u010desk\u00e9mu \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i porovn\u00e1vat na \u010dasov\u00fdch os\u00e1ch soub\u011bh d\u011bjinn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Evropy. Do t\u00e9 doby se nap\u0159\u00edklad evropsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny v \u010cesku vyu\u010dovaly izolovan\u011b bez pou\u017eit\u00ed podobn\u00e9ho podp\u016frn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. V u\u010debnici <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny <\/em>se \u010dasov\u00e9 osy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, a to usnad\u0148uje \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm se v&nbsp;\u010dasov\u00e9 n\u00e1slednosti orientovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u0161t\u011b se zastav\u00edm u kvalitativn\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fduky, kter\u00e9 \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 najde v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce pro u\u010ditele (Pinkas, a dal\u0161\u00ed, 2022c). Pro hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fduky ve t\u0159ech kvalitativn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch (n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u2013 st\u0159edn\u00ed \u2013 rozvinut\u00e1) auto\u0159i v&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1 mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa (\u017e\u00e1k\/\u017e\u00e1kyn\u011b &#8211; dok\u00e1\u017ee, dovede, um\u00ed apod.) nap\u0159. na str. 39, 47 a dal\u0161\u00edch. V&nbsp;jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech spr\u00e1vn\u011b auto\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed \/ \u010dinn\u00e1 slovesa pro kvalitativn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f &nbsp;s&nbsp;vyu\u017eit\u00edm konceptu revidovan\u00e9 Bloomovy taxonomie (Anderson &amp; Krathwohl, 2001).. V\u00edce o pou\u017eit\u00ed Bloomovy taxonomie vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f najde \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 nap\u0159. v \u010dl\u00e1nku V\u00e1vra, <em>Pro\u010d a k \u010demu taxonomie vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f?,<\/em> 2011 \u010di v&nbsp;n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch stejn\u00e9ho autora na tomto port\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prvotn\u00ed po\u010din se snahou vykl\u00e1dat sou\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u011bjiny jinak jsem zaznamenal kr\u00e1tce po roce 2000, kdy Ministerstvo kultury \u010cR vydalo knihu <em>Rozum\u011bt d\u011bjin\u00e1m<\/em> (Bene\u0161, a dal\u0161\u00ed, 2002). Kniha byla zam\u011b\u0159ena na vztah N\u011bmc\u016f a \u010cech\u016f. Vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed by bylo mluvit o obyvatelstvu na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ceska v&nbsp;obdob\u00ed 1848 a\u017e 1948, kte\u0159\u00ed mluvily n\u011bmecky a \u010desky. Kniha byla doporu\u010dovan\u00e1 do \u0161kol a byla i do \u0161kol voln\u011b distribuovan\u00e1. V&nbsp;kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b byla i siln\u011b kritizovan\u00e1, nap\u0159. za chyby v&nbsp;obsahu (nap\u0159. chybn\u00e9 identifikace fotografi\u00ed) nebo tak\u00e9 pro a\u017e n\u00e1vodn\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u201ejak rozum\u011bt (\u010desk\u00fdm) d\u011bjin\u00e1m\u201c. &nbsp;Pozd\u011bji \u201eupadla v&nbsp;zapomn\u011bn\u00ed\u201c. V\u00edm, \u017ee ned\u00e1vno vy\u0161lo 2. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se mn\u011b v\u0161ak do rukou je\u0161t\u011b nedostalo. Dovol\u00edm si z&nbsp;t\u00e9to publikace, z 1. vyd\u00e1n\u00ed (2002, str. 219) pou\u017e\u00edt tento text:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>\u201eTak\u00e9 term\u00edny, u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k&nbsp;ozna\u010den\u00ed trasferu sudeton\u011bmeck\u00e9ho obyvatelstva z&nbsp;\u010ceskoslovenska, jsou podrobov\u00e1ny kritice a jsou i p\u0159edm\u011btem spor\u016f. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je nutn\u00e9 konstatovat, \u017ee se pro tento akt u\u017e\u00edvalo v&nbsp;r\u016fzn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch, souvislostech a na r\u016fzn\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch v&nbsp;\u010de\u0161tin\u011b, n\u011bm\u010din\u011b, angli\u010dtin\u011b \u010di ru\u0161tin\u011b \u0159ady slov \u2013 \u201eodsun\u201c, \u201evyhn\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c \u010di \u201evyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed (n\u011bmecky \u201edie Vertreibung\u201c, anglicky \u201eto expel\u201c \u010di \u201eexpulsion\u201c), \u201evyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u201c, (nucen\u00e9) \u201evys\u00eddlen\u00ed\u201c, \u201ep\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed\u201c, \u201est\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c (anglicky \u201eremoval\u201c), \u201etransfer\u201c, ale tak\u00e9 \u2013 na \u010desk\u00e9 stran\u011b \u201eo\u010dista\u201c, respektive \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed o\u010dista\u201c.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A d\u00e1l v&nbsp;textu se odkazuje na ji\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd \u010cl\u00e1nek XII z&nbsp;Postupimsk\u00e9 konference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se z\u00e1jmem jsem s\u00e1hnul po u\u010debnici <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny <\/em>(Pinkas, a dal\u0161\u00ed, 2022a), kter\u00e1 odkazuje jednak na badatelsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup i na jinak ch\u00e1pan\u00fd a uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd obsah. Z&nbsp;m\u00e9 strany, pokud jde o pozn\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010debnice <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/em>, jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed ne\u017e o detailn\u00ed a zevrubnou anal\u00fdzu t\u00e9to u\u010debnice \u010di konceptu. Uv\u011bdomuji si, \u017ee na to v\u0161e bude pot\u0159eba \u010das, ve kter\u00e9m u\u010debnice projde praktick\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm (nebo ignorov\u00e1n\u00edm?) ve v\u00fduce (v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee ne jen d\u011bjepisu). Jde o v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bnu (historick\u00e9ho) my\u0161len\u00ed u \u017e\u00e1ka, u u\u010ditel\u016f a u \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro mne osobn\u011b kvalita m\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed se uk\u00e1zala, kdy\u017e jsem o historick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech a jejich interpretace \/ hodnocen\u00ed diskutoval s&nbsp;cizincem. St\u00e1valo se mn\u011b, \u017ee jsem byl p\u0159ekvapen\u00fd, jak onen cizinec se orientoval v&nbsp;\u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch a d\u00e1val je do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad se sv\u00fdmi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi d\u011bjinami), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jak se s&nbsp;nimi identifikuje. A pokud jde o znalosti \u010desk\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f z&nbsp;d\u011bjepisu (\u010di \u017e\u00e1k\u016f v&nbsp;\u010desk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch), asi by nebylo dobr\u00e9, aby se \u017e\u00e1k \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161koly (mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk) dozv\u00eddal o \u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch od cizinc\u016f a \/ nebo \u010cech\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed a t\u0159eba i studuj\u00ed \/ studovali v&nbsp;zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vybran\u00e9 zdroje, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na vyd\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010debnice. Se\u0159azeno chronologicky a zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny ty od hlavn\u00edch akt\u00e9r\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>L\u00e1nsk\u00e1, K.<\/strong> (21.9.2022): Kdy\u017e u\u017e n\u011bco kritizuji, m\u011bl bych um\u011bt nab\u00eddnout alternativu, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 spoluautor \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 u\u010debnice soudob\u00fdch d\u011bjin. EDUin. Dostupn\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eduin.cz\/clanky\/kdyz-uz-neco-kritizuji-mel-bych-umet-nabidnout-alternativu-rika-spoluautor-uspesne-ucebnice-soudobych-dejin\/\">https:\/\/www.eduin.cz\/clanky\/kdyz-uz-neco-kritizuji-mel-bych-umet-nabidnout-alternativu-rika-spoluautor-uspesne-ucebnice-soudobych-dejin\/<\/a>; 1.9.2022<\/li><li><strong>Wagner, J. <\/strong>(ed. 19.10.2022): <em>\u010cesk\u00e9 Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny od Nakladatelstv\u00ed Fraus jsou druhou nejlep\u0161\u00ed evropskou u\u010debnic\u00ed. <\/em>Pedagogick\u00e9 info. Dostupn\u00e9: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pedagogicke.info\/2022\/10\/ceske-soudobe-dejiny-od-nakladatelstvi.html\">http:\/\/www.pedagogicke.info\/2022\/10\/ceske-soudobe-dejiny-od-nakladatelstvi.html<\/a>; 22.8.2023). Pozn. S&nbsp;koment\u00e1\u0159i od u\u010ditel\u016f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0160to\u010dkov\u00e1, \u0160. <\/strong>(5.12.2022): <em>\u010cesk\u00e1 badatelsk\u00e1 u\u010debnice soudob\u00fdch d\u011bjin slav\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch. <\/em>PERPETUUM, Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bez hranic. Dostupn\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/perpetuum.cz\/2022\/12\/ceska-badatelska-ucebnice-soudobych-dejin-slavi-mezinarodni-uspech%EF%BF%BC\/\">https:\/\/perpetuum.cz\/2022\/12\/ceska-badatelska-ucebnice-soudobych-dejin-slavi-mezinarodni-uspech%EF%BF%BC\/<\/a>; 22.8.2023<\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>\u00dastav pro studium totalitn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f <\/strong>(?, p\u0159ed 17.7.2023)<strong>:<\/strong> ZPR\u00c1VA: \u00daSTR SE DISTANCUJE OD U\u010cEBNICE SOUDOB\u00c9 D\u011aJINY. Dostupn\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ustrcr.cz\/zprava-ustr-se-distancuje-od-ucebnice-soudobe-dejiny\/\">https:\/\/www.ustrcr.cz\/zprava-ustr-se-distancuje-od-ucebnice-soudobe-dejiny\/<\/a>; 22.8.2023<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>Pinkas, J. <\/strong>(30.6.2023): <em>Obrana badatelsk\u00e9 u\u010debnice d\u011bjepisu. <\/em>Dostupn\u00e9: Seznam M\u00e9dium. <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.seznam.cz\/clanek\/obrana-badatelske-ucebnice-dejepisu-11771\">https:\/\/medium.seznam.cz\/clanek\/obrana-badatelske-ucebnice-dejepisu-11771<\/a>; 22.8.2023<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>\u0160mahelov\u00e1, R.; Kofro\u0148, T. <\/strong>(18.7.2023<strong>):<\/strong> <em>Nakladatelstv\u00ed Fraus se distancuje od tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho veden\u00ed \u00daSTR ze dne 17. 7. 2023. <\/em>Dostupn\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fraus.cz\/cs\/o-nas\/pro-media\/tiskove-zpravy\/vyjadreni-nakladatelstvi-fraus-k-ucebnici-soudobe-dejiny-25669\">https:\/\/www.fraus.cz\/cs\/o-nas\/pro-media\/tiskove-zpravy\/vyjadreni-nakladatelstvi-fraus-k-ucebnici-soudobe-dejiny-25669<\/a>; 22.8.2023<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Duda, K; Mare\u0161, J.<\/strong> (18.7.2023, aktualizovan\u00e9 20.7.2023): <em>\u00daSTR se distancuje od u\u010debnice d\u011bjepisu. Zleh\u010duje komunismus, tvrd\u00ed. <\/em>TN NOVA<em>, <\/em>The Associated Press (AP). Dostupn\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/tn.nova.cz\/zpravodajstvi\/clanek\/513823-ustr-se-distancuje-od-ucebnice-dejepisu-zlehcuje-komunismus-tvrdi\">https:\/\/tn.nova.cz\/zpravodajstvi\/clanek\/513823-ustr-se-distancuje-od-ucebnice-dejepisu-zlehcuje-komunismus-tvrdi<\/a>; 22.8.2023<\/li><li><strong>Nov\u00e1k, J. <\/strong>(19.7.2023): <em>Nejsme \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed diletanti, br\u00e1n\u00ed se auto\u0159i u\u010debnice d\u011bjepisu. <\/em>Seznam zpr\u00e1vy.czDostupn\u00e9:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.seznamzpravy.cz\/clanek\/domaci-zivot-v-cesku-nejsme-zadni-diletanti-brani-se-autori-ucebnice-dejepisu-234322\">https:\/\/www.seznamzpravy.cz\/clanek\/domaci-zivot-v-cesku-nejsme-zadni-diletanti-brani-se-autori-ucebnice-dejepisu-234322<\/a>; 22.8.2023<\/li><li><strong>Hromkov\u00e1, D.<\/strong> (9.8.2023): Faktick\u00e9 chyby a obdiv komunismu? Ministerstvo posoud\u00ed kvalitu ocen\u011bn\u00e9 u\u010debnice. Aktualne.cz. Dostupn\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/zpravy.aktualne.cz\/domaci\/ucebnice-dejepisu-ministerstvo-skolstvi\/r~2549f75835ee11ee8980ac1f6b220ee8\/\">https:\/\/zpravy.aktualne.cz\/domaci\/ucebnice-dejepisu-ministerstvo-skolstvi\/r~2549f75835ee11ee8980ac1f6b220ee8\/<\/a>; 1.9.2023<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed literatura. Zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny re\u0161er\u0161ovan\u00e9 zdroje <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>Anderson, L. W., &amp; Krathwohl, D. R<\/strong>. (2001). <em>A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and Assessing<\/em> (Abridged Edition ed.). New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.<\/li><li><strong>Bene\u0161, Z., Jan\u010d\u00edk, D., Kukl\u00edk, m. J., Kub\u016f, E., Kural, V., Kva\u010dek, R., . . . Such\u00e1nek, R<\/strong>. (2002). <em>Rozum\u011bt d\u011bjin\u00e1m. V\u00fdvoj \u010desko-n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vztah\u016f na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed v letech 1848-1948<\/em> (1. vyd.). (P. Kyncl, &amp; V. Van\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1, Edito\u0159i) Gallery pro Ministerstvo kultury \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/li><li><strong>Bennett, G., &amp; Smith, R. (Eds.)<\/strong>. (2020). <em>Britain and the making of the Post-War World: the Postdam Conference and beyond.<\/em> London: Crown. Retrieved August 28, 2023<\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>Bernlochner, L., Boesenberg, L., Braun, M., Geiss, P., Gigl, C., Henri, D., . . . Toucheboeuf, B<\/strong>. (2007). Histoire\/Geschichte. Europa und die Welt seit 1945. <em>Histoire\/Geschichte. Europa und die Welt seit 1945<\/em>(1). (G. Le Quintrec, &amp; P. Geiss, Hrsg.) Stuttgart: Ernst Klett Verlag GmbH, Stuttgart 2007.<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Blunt, A., &amp; Dowling, R.<\/strong> (2006). <em>Home.<\/em> Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.<\/li><li><strong>Broukalov\u00e1, L., &amp; Nov\u00e1k, M<\/strong>. (prosinec 2011). <em>C\u00edle a indi\u00e1tory pro environment\u00e1ln\u00ed vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdchovu a osv\u011btu v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice.<\/em> Praha: Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a Integra Consulting, s.r.o. Z\u00edsk\u00e1no 29. leden 2022, z https:\/\/www.mzp.cz\/C1257458002F0DC7\/cz\/environmentalni_vzdelavani_poradenstvi\/$FILE\/OEDN-Cile_a_indikatory_EVVO-20200717.pdf<\/li><li><strong>Cincera, J., Valesova, B., Krepelkova, S., Simonova, P., &amp; Kroufek, R<\/strong>. (2019, August 16). Place-based education from three perspectives. <em>Environmental Education Research, 25<\/em>(10), pp. 1519-1523. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13504622.2019.1651826<\/li><li><strong>Crang, M<\/strong>. (1998). <em>Cultural Geography.<\/em> London: Routledge.<\/li><li><strong>Cresswell<\/strong>, T. (2004). <em>Place. A Short Introduction.<\/em> Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.<\/li><li><strong>Dear, M., Ketchum, J., Luria, S., &amp; Richardson, D.<\/strong> (Eds.). (2011). <em>GeoHumanities. Art, history, test at the edge of place.<\/em> Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.<\/li><li><strong>Hull, E.<\/strong> (1992 \/ 1988). <em>Velk\u00e1 n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e1 mapa sv\u011btov\u00fdch d\u011bjin.<\/em> Praha: Nakladatelstv\u00ed Kentaur a. s. Polygrafia.<\/li><li><strong>Je\u0159\u00e1bek, J., &amp; Tup\u00fd, J.<\/strong> (b\u0159ezen 2017). <em>R\u00e1mcov\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed program pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em> Z\u00edsk\u00e1no 1. \u010derven 2018, z N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, RVP pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed: http:\/\/www.msmt.cz\/file\/43792\/<\/li><li><strong>Lambin, J.-M., Carton, J.-L., Damlani, R., Desgardin, J., Duhen, J., &amp; Villette, J.-L.<\/strong> (1990). <em>Historie 6e G\u00e9ographie. Cahier de travaux pratique.<\/em> Hachette Colleges.<\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>Le Quintrec, G., &amp; Geiss, P<\/strong>. (Hrsg.). (2006). <em>Histoire\/Geschichte. Europa und die Welt seit 1945. Deutsch-franz\u00f6sische Geschichtsbuch Gymnasiale Oberstufe<\/em> (1 Ausg.). Leipzig: Ernst Klett Schulbuchverlag Leipzig GmbH.<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Librov\u00e1, H<\/strong>. (1987). <em>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159eba a hodnota krajiny.<\/em> Brno: Univerzita J. E. Purkyn\u011b v Brn\u011b.<\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>Pinkas, J., Najbert, J., \u010cin\u00e1tl, K., Sixta, V., An\u00fd\u017e, R., P\u00fdcha, \u010c., . . . Melichar, B.<\/strong> (2022a). <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny. Badatelsk\u00e1 u\u010debnice d\u011bjepisu pro 9. ro\u010dn\u00edk z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol a v\u00edcelet\u00e1 gymn\u00e1zia<\/em> (1. vyd.). Plze\u0148: Fraus.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>Pinkas, J., Najbert, J., \u010cin\u00e1tl, K., Sixta, V., An\u00fd\u017e, R., P\u00fdcha, \u010c., . . . Melichar, B<\/strong>. (2022b). <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny. Badatelsk\u00fd pracovn\u00ed se\u0161it d\u011bjepisu pro 9. ro\u010dn\u00edk z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol a v\u00edcelet\u00e1 gymn\u00e1zia.<\/em> Plze\u0148: Nakladatelstv\u00ed Fraus.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"><strong>Pinkas, J., Najbert, J., \u010cin\u00e1tl, K., Sixta, V., An\u00fd\u017e, R., P\u00fdcha, \u010c., . . . Melichar, B.<\/strong> (2022c). <em>Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny. P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka u\u010ditele badatelsk\u00e9ho d\u011bjepisu pro 9. ro\u010dn\u00edk a v\u00edcelet\u00e1 gymn\u00e1zia.<\/em> Plze\u0144: Nakladatelstv\u00ed Fraus.<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Smith, G. A<\/strong>. (2002, April). Place-based education: learning to be where we are. <em>Phi Delta Kappan, 83<\/em>(8), pp. 584-594. Retrieved May 3, 2023, from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/requests\/attachment\/112648556<\/li><li><strong>Sobel, D<\/strong>. (2004, 2005). <em>Place-Based Education. Connecting Classrooms and Communities<\/em> (2 ed., Vol. Orion&#8217;s Nature Literacy Series). Great Barrington: The Orion Society.<\/li><li><strong>Tich\u00fd, O., &amp; \u0160vec, R.<\/strong> (1965). <em>Matematick\u00fd zem\u011bpis a kartografie.<\/em> Praha: St\u00e1tn\u00ed pedagogick\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00ed.<\/li><li><strong>V\u00e1vra, J.<\/strong> (2010). Jedinec a m\u00edsto, jedinec v m\u00edst\u011b, jedinec prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00edsta. <em>Geografie, 115<\/em>(4), str\u00e1nky 461-478.<\/li><li><strong>V\u00e1vra, J.<\/strong> (5. kv\u011bten 2011). <em>Pro\u010d a k \u010demu taxonomie vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f?<\/em> (V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav pedagogick\u00fd v Praze) Z\u00edsk\u00e1no 5. kv\u011bten 2011, z Metodick\u00fd port\u00e1l: \u010cl\u00e1nky: http:\/\/clanky.rvp.cz\/clanek\/c\/Z\/11113\/proc-a-k-cemu-taxonomie-vzdelavacich-cilu-.html\/<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Pozn\u00e1mka<\/em>: v cel\u00e9m textu, kde pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m ozna\u010den\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k, u\u010ditel a pod. jsem si v\u011bdom toho, \u017ee z pohledu genderov\u00e9 vyv\u00e1\u017eenosti by bylo spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat i femininum. V\u00fd\u0161e uvedenou formu v\u011bdom\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m jako obecn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Text se zam\u011b\u0159uje na dv\u011b u\u010debnice soudob\u00fdch d\u011bjin. Jedna je francouzsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e1, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la v roce 2006\/2007 spolu s materi\u00e1ly na CD-ROM a je ur\u010dena st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016fm v N\u011bmecku a ve Francii. Druhou je \u010desk\u00e1 u\u010debnice Soudob\u00e9 d\u011bjiny, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la v roce 2022 v ucelen\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b: u\u010debnice-pracovn\u00ed se\u0161it-p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro u\u010ditele. Je ur\u010dena pro 9. ro\u010dn\u00edk. Tato anal\u00fdza nen\u00ed ucelen\u00e1 a komplexn\u00ed, ale zam\u011b\u0159uje se na n\u011bkter\u00e9 aspekty, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u011b ve vztahu d\u011bjepisn\u00e9 a zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 u\u010divo. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na pou\u017eit\u00e9 pojmy \u201ekrajina\u201c, \u201em\u00edsto\u201c, \u201edomov\u201c, \u201evzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z konceptu m\u00edsta\u201c, \u201evzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na hodnoty\u201c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1425,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[403],"tags":[4638,4640,4641,4642,4639],"class_list":["post-1653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recenze","tag-dejepis","tag-historicke-mysleni","tag-krajina","tag-misto","tag-ucebnice"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1425"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1653"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1702,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1653\/revisions\/1702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/educator\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}