{"id":745,"date":"2012-07-18T19:49:37","date_gmt":"2012-07-18T17:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/?p=745"},"modified":"2012-07-18T19:49:37","modified_gmt":"2012-07-18T17:49:37","slug":"pruvodce-pro-zavadeni-grafickych-organizeru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/2012\/07\/18\/pruvodce-pro-zavadeni-grafickych-organizeru\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fvodce pro zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed grafick\u00fdch organiz\u00e9r\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tento titul nese kapitola z knihy Essential Readings on Comprehension (Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed texty o ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed). Zn\u00e1m\u00ed auto\u0159i Diane Lapp a Douglas Fisher se pokusili do knihy sesb\u00edrat nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o v\u00fduce \u010dten\u00ed odborn\u00e9ho textu. A proto\u017ee jedna z v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011b tady (m\u00edn\u00edm v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice) zneklid\u0148uje, je nedostatek informac\u00ed o ur\u010dit\u00fdch t\u00e9matech, napad\u00e1 m\u011b u\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu, \u017ee bych n\u011bkter\u00e9 sv\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky mohla sd\u00edlet na blogu. ( Z\u00e1rove\u0148 si psan\u00edm mohu n\u011bkter\u00e9 my\u0161lenky l\u00e9pe vyjasnit a diskuse se \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i mi umo\u017e\u0148uje l\u00e9pe vn\u00edmat klady i z\u00e1pory.)<\/p>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek Pr\u016fvodce pro zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed grafick\u00fdch sch\u00e9mat ve v\u00fduce po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee pojem grafick\u00fd organiz\u00e1tor\/organiz\u00e9r\/sch\u00e9ma u\u017e u\u010ditel\u00e9 znaj\u00ed. Pokud se tedy pot\u0159ebujete sezn\u00e1mit s t\u00edmto term\u00ednem, m\u016f\u017eete si pro\u010d\u00edst nap\u0159. \u010dl\u00e1nky L. Whitcroft: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ctenarska-gramotnost.cz\/?s=organiz%C3%A9r\">http:\/\/www.ctenarska-gramotnost.cz\/?s=organiz%C3%A9r<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010d\u00e1tek \u010dl\u00e1nku oznamuje to, co v\u0161ichni v\u00edme, toti\u017e \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed odborn\u00fdch text\u016f je pro \u017e\u00e1ky obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dten\u00ed beletrie. S t\u00edmto tvrzen\u00edm souhlasit nemus\u00edme, ale bude d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si v\u0161imnout argument\u016f vedouc\u00edch k probl\u00e9m\u016fm p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>odli\u0161n\u00e1 struktura ne\u017e u beletrie<\/li>\n<li>obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1&nbsp;slovn\u00ed&nbsp;z\u00e1soba<\/li>\n<li>hustota informac\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s odli\u0161nou strukturou se auto\u0159i v\u011bnuj\u00ed d\u00e1le, proto\u017ee se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed pouze jedn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem z mnoha: jak s grafick\u00fdmi sch\u00e9maty sezn\u00e1mit \u017e\u00e1ky. Nab\u00edzej\u00ed proto vzor pr\u016fvodce, tabulku, kter\u00e1 obsahuje sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 toho, co by m\u011bl u\u010ditel \u0159\u00edkat. V lev\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti tabulky najdeme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, na kter\u00e9 podle v\u00fdzkum\u016f m\u00e1me db\u00e1t, kdy\u017e si vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme vlastn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159.&nbsp; Pr\u016fvodce by m\u011bl spl\u0148ovat celkem p\u011bt podm\u00ednek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>popis vztah\u016f mezi informacemi (nap\u0159. probl\u00e9m\/\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, sekvence, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina\/n\u00e1sledek, podobnost\/rozd\u00edl&#8230; pou\u017eit\u00edm slov proto\u017ee, vy\u0159e\u0161it, c\u00edl&#8230;)<\/li>\n<li>poskytnout p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro diskusi<\/li>\n<li>propojit nov\u00e9 informace se star\u0161\u00edmi<\/li>\n<li>odkazovat na text, kter\u00fd se bude \u010d\u00edst<\/li>\n<li>procvi\u010dit v\u00fdslovnost a rozbor stavby slova<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u0161echny podm\u00ednky, a\u017e na posledn\u00ed, se mi poda\u0159ilo uplatnit v pr\u016fvodci, kter\u00fd jsem vytvo\u0159ila podle vzoru v knize. Pro jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jsem zvolila voln\u011b dostupn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek z National Geographic:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.national-geographic.cz\/detail\/jazyky-ktere-se-rodi-od-elfstiny-po-klingonstinu-23544\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Jazyky, kter\u00e9 se rod\u00ed<\/a>. Bohu\u017eel mi blog nedovol\u00ed nahr\u00e1t soubor jako upravovateln\u00fd dokument, ale snad bude form\u00e1t pdf sta\u010dit: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/files\/2012\/07\/scenar.pdf\">scenar<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e1 aktivita prob\u00edh\u00e1 tak, \u017ee grafick\u00fd organiz\u00e9r m\u00e1 u\u010ditel ji\u017e p\u0159ipraven\u00fd, ale zakryt\u00fd lep\u00edky. Nap\u0159. na projektoru nebo interaktivn\u00ed tabuli. (P\u0159\u00edklad pro text z National Geographic vid\u00edte pod \u010dl\u00e1nkem.) Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed \u010dten\u00edm postupn\u011b lep\u00edky odkr\u00fdv\u00e1 a prov\u00e1d\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ky strukturou textu &#8222;nane\u010disto&#8220;. P\u0159i diskusi nad hlavn\u00edmi my\u0161lenkami textu zad\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 budou plnit b\u011bhem \u010dten\u00ed, tzn. kter\u00e9 informace maj\u00ed hledat a kam je dopl\u0148ovat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Mus\u00edm upozornit na to, \u017ee auto\u0159i ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i opom\u00edjej\u00ed jak\u00e9koli definice term\u00edn\u016f a jak\u00fdkoli v\u00fdklad vztah\u016f. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee  po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee toto vysv\u011btlen\u00ed u\u017e u\u010ditel\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnou. \u017d\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou zvykl\u00ed zapisovat pozn\u00e1mky o textu klasicky, se mohou c\u00edtit zmaten\u00ed, kdy\u017e za\u010dneme kreslit geometrick\u00e9 tvary.&nbsp; Proto bych se&nbsp; nejprve sna\u017eila vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d kresl\u00edme sch\u00e9ma informac\u00ed, a vztahy bych pojmenovala mnohem explicitn\u011bji, ne\u017e jak je \u0159e\u010deno ve pr\u016fvodci.&nbsp; (Nap\u0159. zapsala jsem tvrzen\u00ed &#8222;\u0158e\u010d je nedokonal\u00e1.&#8220; do \u0161ipky, proto\u017ee vysv\u011btluje p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu vzniku nov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f.)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/files\/2012\/07\/nakres.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-757\" src=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/files\/2012\/07\/nakres.jpg\" alt=\"nakres\" width=\"764\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/files\/2012\/07\/nakres.jpg 764w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/files\/2012\/07\/nakres-150x114.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/files\/2012\/07\/nakres-300x228.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: LAPP, Diane a Douglas FISHER. <em>Essential readings on comprehension<\/em>. Newark, DE: International Reading Association, c2009, v, 160 p. Essential readings series. ISBN 978-087-2078-079.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje:<\/p>\n<p>WHITCROFT, Ladislava.  [online]. [cit. 2012-07-18]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: http:\/\/www.ctenarska-gramotnost.cz\/?s=organiz%C3%A9r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tento titul nese kapitola z knihy Essential Readings on Comprehension (Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed texty o ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed). Zn\u00e1m\u00ed auto\u0159i Diane Lapp a Douglas Fisher se pokusili do knihy sesb\u00edrat nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o v\u00fduce \u010dten\u00ed odborn\u00e9ho textu. A proto\u017ee jedna z v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011b tady (m\u00edn\u00edm v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice) zneklid\u0148uje, je nedostatek informac\u00ed o ur\u010dit\u00fdch t\u00e9matech, napad\u00e1 m\u011b u\u017e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[339,337],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knihy-a-odkazy","category-namety"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=745"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":761,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions\/761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}