{"id":593,"date":"2010-11-02T20:56:19","date_gmt":"2010-11-02T19:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/?p=593"},"modified":"2010-11-02T20:56:19","modified_gmt":"2010-11-02T19:56:19","slug":"proc-neucim-cist-s-pomoci-bloomovy-taxonomie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/2010\/11\/02\/proc-neucim-cist-s-pomoci-bloomovy-taxonomie\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d neu\u010d\u00edm \u010d\u00edst s pomoc\u00ed Bloomovy taxonomie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159edstavte si: Sed\u00edte na \u0161kolen\u00ed, zcela zaujati nov\u00fdmi informacemi linouc\u00edmi se z \u00fast p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edho.\u00a0 Zase jednou n\u011bkdo nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00fa\u017easnou v\u011bc &#8211; rozv\u00edjet my\u0161len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017enosti. A proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dten\u00ed, vysv\u011btl\u00ed v\u00e1m jednotliv\u00e9 hladiny Bloomovy taxonomie a pak p\u0159ed v\u00e1s polo\u017e\u00ed sadu dob\u0159e polo\u017een\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek &#8211; sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch od znalosti k synt\u00e9ze (hodnocen\u00ed). Jak se c\u00edt\u00edte? St\u00e1le nad\u0161en\u00ed z toho, \u017ee v\u00e1m kone\u010dn\u011b n\u011bkdo rozv\u00edj\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch? Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00e1m poklesne brada, proto\u017ee &#8211; na n\u011bkter\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky nebudete schopn\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt. Tak co te\u010f? Co se tu vlastn\u011b rozv\u00edj\u00ed? A rozv\u00edj\u00ed se tu vlastn\u011b n\u011bco?<!--more-->Patrn\u011b toti\u017e ot\u00e1zka narazila na hranice va\u0161\u00ed z\u00f3ny aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje.\u00a0 Bez n\u011b\u010d\u00ed pomoci ot\u00e1zku nepoko\u0159\u00edte, ani kdy\u017e budete usilovn\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o Bloomov\u011b taxonomii. Z takov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek v\u00e1m zbude je pachu\u0165 z toho, \u017ee zase jednou n\u011bkdo <em>kontroloval<\/em> va\u0161e porozum\u011bn\u00ed, jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 S. Harvey &#8211; o nic jin\u00e9ho se p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jak\u00fdchkoli ot\u00e1zek nejedn\u00e1. (Pak u\u017e jen p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edmu zb\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u00e1t v\u00e1m spr\u00e1vnou zn\u00e1mku.) My toti\u017e douf\u00e1me, \u017ee na\u0161e ot\u00e1zky (hry, projekty&#8230;) donut\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ky se nad textem zamyslet. Ale poda\u0159\u00ed se to jen v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy se \u00fakol ocitne v na\u0161ich mo\u017enostech (tj. v z\u00f3n\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje).<\/p>\n<p>Vygotsky pou\u017e\u00edval je\u0161t\u011b jeden term\u00edn: z\u00f3na nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje, ve kter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1k spln\u00ed \u00fakol pod tou podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee mu pom\u016f\u017eeme. Za touto z\u00f3nou je u\u017e jen \u00fazem\u00ed frustrace. V b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch \u010dten\u00ed u\u010ditel p\u0159ednese n\u011bkolik informac\u00ed o autorovi, jeho d\u00edle, p\u0159e\u010dte se text a polo\u017e\u00ed se ot\u00e1zky. Kdy\u017e \u017e\u00e1ci nev\u011bd\u00ed, u\u010ditel vysv\u011btl\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f s\u00e1m. Mo\u017en\u00e1 \u0159eknete, \u017ee i objasn\u00ed, jak ke sv\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru p\u0159i\u0161el, a \u017ee tedy \u017e\u00e1kovi pom\u00e1h\u00e1 s \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm v z\u00f3n\u011b nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Jen\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti d\u016fkazy v textu nesta\u010d\u00ed k tomu, aby \u017e\u00e1k pochopil, jak m\u00e1 odpov\u00eddat na takov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, nato\u017e jak m\u00e1 kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky. U\u010ditel by musel p\u0159edv\u00e9st konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kroky sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch my\u0161lenek. A jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jeffrey D. Wilhelm, stali se z n\u00e1s takov\u00ed experti, \u017ee se na\u0161e automatick\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010detby nedok\u00e1\u017ee &#8222;sn\u00ed\u017eit&#8220; k vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed textu pod zorn\u00fdm \u00fahlem jednotliv\u00fdch ment\u00e1ln\u00edch proces\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1znam m\u00fdch my\u0161lenek z T. Pratchetta (D\u00e1my a p\u00e1nov\u00e9): Nemus\u00edm si kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d se najednou Magr\u00e1ta za\u010dala chovat state\u010dn\u011bji. Nen\u00ed pro m\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u00e1m. Ale co by dopov\u011bd\u011bla kr\u00e1lovna Elf\u016f, kdy\u017e za\u010dala mluvit k Esme (&#8222;Ty ses nau\u010dila&#8230;&#8220;) Tahle ot\u00e1zka by mi mohla pomoci porozum\u011bt tomu, jak vlastn\u011b kr\u00e1lovnu porazili. Co se tedy vlastn\u011b nau\u010dila? Souvis\u00ed to n\u011bjak s t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010darod\u011bjka um\u011bla p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v\u011bdom\u00ed do zv\u00ed\u0159at? Jak to souvis\u00ed s rojem v\u010del, kter\u00e9 ji nakonec pokryly? A jak by to vlastn\u011b dok\u00e1zala, v\u017edy\u0165 roj v\u010del m\u00e1 v\u011bdom\u00ed rozdroben\u00e9 do tis\u00edc\u016f tvor\u016f. Souvis\u00ed to s v\u011bdom\u00edm roje jako celku? A pro\u010d nakonec musel p\u0159ij\u00edt kr\u00e1l Elf\u016f jako deux ex machina? P\u016fosb\u00ed to jako fra\u0161ka, zbyte\u010dn\u00fd boj i z\u00e1pletka. Proto\u017ee autor n\u011bjak d\u00edlo sv\u00e1zal se Snem noci svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9? Jak?&#8230; Vid\u00edte? Neodpov\u00edd\u00e1m si rovnou, ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1m hned d\u016fkazy, ale mezi prvn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou a odpov\u011bd\u00ed je \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, hypot\u00e9z, uji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed neporozum\u011bn\u00ed, propojov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, p\u0159edstav&#8230; Je to tak slo\u017eit\u00e9, ale my redukujeme odpov\u011b\u010f na d\u016fkazy v textu. Moje ot\u00e1zky zva\u017euj\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed mi, k \u010demu jsou a pro\u010d si je pokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, <em>\u010demu t\u00edm porozum\u00edm<\/em> a kam se m\u00e1m d\u00e1l vydat a co mi asi pom\u016f\u017ee. Ot\u00e1zky jin\u00fdch u\u010ditel\u016f jsou mo\u017en\u00e1 &#8222;ty spr\u00e1vn\u00e9&#8220;, vedouc\u00ed k velk\u00fdm my\u0161lenk\u00e1m a podle Bloomovy taxonomie, ale tento d\u016fvod ztr\u00e1c\u00ed svou z\u00e1va\u017enost pro \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd nev\u00ed, jak \u0159e\u0161it ty nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zv\u00eddav\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. U\u017e ch\u00e1pete, pro\u010d nemohu souhlasit s t\u00edm, \u017ee nau\u010d\u00edme \u017e\u00e1ky \u010d\u00edst, kdy\u017e jim budeme pokl\u00e1dat ot\u00e1zky podle Bloomovy taxonomie? My toti\u017e nepot\u0159ebujeme takov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. My jim pot\u0159ebujeme \u0159\u00edct, jak na to.<\/p>\n<p>P. S. Tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m Bloomovu taxonomii, ale ne ke \u010dten\u00ed!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159edstavte si: Sed\u00edte na \u0161kolen\u00ed, zcela zaujati nov\u00fdmi informacemi linouc\u00edmi se z \u00fast p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edho.\u00a0 Zase jednou n\u011bkdo nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00fa\u017easnou v\u011bc &#8211; rozv\u00edjet my\u0161len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017enosti. A proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dten\u00ed, vysv\u011btl\u00ed v\u00e1m jednotliv\u00e9 hladiny Bloomovy taxonomie a pak p\u0159ed v\u00e1s polo\u017e\u00ed sadu dob\u0159e polo\u017een\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek &#8211; sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch od znalosti k synt\u00e9ze [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[403],"class_list":["post-593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene","tag-poznamky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=593"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":599,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/593\/revisions\/599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}