{"id":265,"date":"2010-01-04T17:36:30","date_gmt":"2010-01-04T16:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/?p=265"},"modified":"2010-01-05T15:21:18","modified_gmt":"2010-01-05T14:21:18","slug":"kam-dal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/2010\/01\/04\/kam-dal\/","title":{"rendered":"Kam d\u00e1l?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bohu\u017eel jednozna\u010dn\u00fd ukazatel cesty neexistuje. Moudr\u00e9 knihy n\u00e1m sice rad\u00ed prob\u00edrat strategie podle ur\u010dit\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku, jen\u017ee mezi \u0159\u00e1dky se ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Na podobn\u00fd o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek upozor\u0148uje i H. Ko\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u00e1 v Kritick\u00fdch listech 36 (s. 25 &#8211; 26).\u00a0 P\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 literatury m\u011b zarazilo, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed auto\u0159i &#8211; u\u010ditel\u00e9 v\u00e1hali, kam se vydat. A pomohla jim n\u00e1hoda nebo sami \u017e\u00e1ci. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed auto\u0159i vylo\u017een\u011b prob\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed strategie po strategii kritizuj\u00ed. Kniha In a Reading State of Mind upozor\u0148uje na to, \u017ee pot\u0159ebujeme porozum\u011bt pou\u017eit\u00ed strategi\u00ed p\u0159i skute\u010dn\u00e9m \u010dten\u00ed, ne ve \u0161koln\u00ed verzi, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s nut\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat strategie na m\u00edstech, kde bychom je norm\u00e1ln\u011b nepou\u017eili. A proto bychom se m\u011bli nechat v\u00e9st textem, kter\u00fd s\u00e1m \u0159ekne, co d\u011blat a jak\u00e9 strategie pou\u017e\u00edt (s. 36).<\/p>\n<p>Naproti tomu E. Keene a S. Zimmermann v Mosaic of Thought dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee slab\u0161\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i mohou b\u00fdt zmateni prob\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch strategi\u00ed vyu\u010dovan\u00fdch spole\u010dn\u011b v jedn\u00e9 hodin\u011b (s. 35). Doporu\u010duj\u00ed vyu\u010dovat jednu strategii, ale tak, aby strategie na sebe logicky navazovaly a souvisely spolu. Uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad u strategie sledov\u00e1n\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 sm\u011b\u0159uje k informac\u00edm o pozad\u00ed znalost\u00ed. Ch\u00e1pou v\u0161ak, \u017ee p\u0159ehnan\u00fd d\u016fraz na strategie nevede ke skute\u010dn\u00e9mu z\u00e1\u017eitku z \u010detby (s. 33).<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny tyto p\u0159ipom\u00ednky zva\u017euji p\u0159ed ka\u017edou p\u0159\u00edpravou na hodinu. V\u0161imla jsem si, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 texty p\u0159\u00edmo vyb\u00edzej\u00ed ke strategi\u00edm a \u017ee by nebylo \u0161patn\u00e9 takov\u00e9 texty sesb\u00edrat do jedn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanky. (Olbracht: Biblick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy &#8211; kladen\u00ed ot\u00e1zek, Jir\u00e1sek: Faust\u016fv d\u016fm, E. A. Poe &#8211; vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstav) \u010clov\u011bk by mohl d\u00e1t p\u0159ednost v\u00fduce jedn\u00e9 strategie. Dal\u0161\u00ed texty v\u0161ak pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00edce strategi\u00ed, a tak vych\u00e1z\u00edm z my\u0161lenek \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Abych pouze neimprovizovala, sna\u017e\u00edm se naslouchat textu a vytvo\u0159it svou vlastn\u00ed synt\u00e9zu (synt\u00e9za = z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 strategie). Vlastn\u00ed interpretace slo\u017een\u00e1 z m\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch post\u0159eh\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u011br. Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci budou m\u00edt podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1pady. Pak poslouch\u00e1m, zapisuji jejich my\u0161lenky a uva\u017euji, kam pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed zam\u00ed\u0159it. N\u011bkdy nech\u00e1v\u00e1m plynout \u010detbu pro radost, jindy d\u00e1m prostor koment\u00e1\u0159\u016fm \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. N\u011bkdy je vedu ke strategi\u00edm a zp\u0159es\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed, jindy je nech\u00e1m diskutovat ve skupin\u00e1ch. Poka\u017ed\u00e9 ale pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m muka, zda se hodina poda\u0159\u00ed.\u00a0 &#8222;Spr\u00e1vnou&#8220; cestu vol\u00edm podle pot\u0159eb \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt strategie pouze vhodn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro pro\u017eit\u00ed textu.<\/p>\n<p>Bohu\u017eel jednozna\u010dn\u00fd ukazatel cesty neexistuje. Opakuji schv\u00e1ln\u011b \u00favodn\u00ed v\u011btu, aby si n\u011bkdo nemyslel, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed postupovat podle toho, co nap\u00ed\u0161u. Ne\u017e n\u011bco pou\u017eiju, dlouho nad textem i nad sv\u00fdmi \u017e\u00e1ky p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Po shrnov\u00e1n\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00edm nab\u00eddnout prvn\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fd se m\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nau\u010dit, aby byli schopni p\u0159esn\u011bji zachycovat sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, a z\u00e1rove\u0148\u00a0 je u\u017e te\u010f pob\u00edzet k samostatn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00edm. Nenech\u00e1v\u00e1m je okam\u017eit\u011b vypl\u0148ovat podvojn\u00fd den\u00edk, kter\u00fd se mi zd\u00e1 vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed start\u00e9ry tak tvo\u0159\u00ed oporu k jejich pozn\u00e1mk\u00e1m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Byl jsem p\u0159ekvapen&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Byl jsem znepokojen&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Byl jsem pot\u011b\u0161en&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Zaujalo m\u011b&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Nejd\u0159\u00edv jsem si myslel&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 mi to&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Start\u00e9ry jsem p\u0159evzala z<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sasked.gov.sk.ca\/docs\/ela20\/teach5.html\" target=\"_blank\"> Teaching-Learning Strategies. <\/a><\/p>\n<p>U\u010ditel m\u016f\u017ee dodat dal\u0161\u00ed start\u00e9ry podobn\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu. V\u00a0diskusi pokra\u010dujeme rozhovorem nad odpov\u011b\u010fmi \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Jednotliv\u00e9 n\u00e1pady pak roz\u010dle\u0148ujeme do jednoduch\u00e9 tabulky, ke kter\u00e9 m\u011b inspirovala S. Harvey (Strategies That Work, s. 168, 178).\u00a0 Krom\u011b sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch my\u0161lenek a pro\u017eitk\u016f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me strategii ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed a u\u010d\u00edme se odli\u0161ovat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky od t\u011bch zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch a nepodstatn\u00fdch. \u017d\u00e1ci nap\u00ed\u0161ou dokon\u010den\u00e9 start\u00e9ry na post-ity a n\u00e1sledn\u011b vlepuj\u00ed do p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 tabulky:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"368\" valign=\"top\">D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9\u00a0 a zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 pro m\u011b<\/td>\n<td width=\"368\" valign=\"top\">D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed textu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"368\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td width=\"368\" valign=\"top\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bohu\u017eel jednozna\u010dn\u00fd ukazatel cesty neexistuje. Moudr\u00e9 knihy n\u00e1m sice rad\u00ed prob\u00edrat strategie podle ur\u010dit\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku, jen\u017ee mezi \u0159\u00e1dky se ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Na podobn\u00fd o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek upozor\u0148uje i H. Ko\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u00e1 v Kritick\u00fdch listech 36 (s. 25 &#8211; 26).\u00a0 P\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 literatury m\u011b zarazilo, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed auto\u0159i &#8211; u\u010ditel\u00e9 v\u00e1hali, kam se vydat. A pomohla jim [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":401,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[337,335],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-namety","category-teorie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/401"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=265"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":279,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265\/revisions\/279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogy.rvp.cz\/cteni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}